{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:49:03Z","timestamp":1780490943165,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The surface protein TIGIT (T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain) has been characterized as an important regulator of cell-mediated immune responses in various infections. However, TIGIT expression in immune cells of mice infected with <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> has not been investigated. Here, we detected TIGIT expression and related phenotypes by flow cytometry and real-time PCR in splenic and circulatory T cells of mice infected with the <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> RH strain. We found that the expression of TIGIT on the surface of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells from the spleen and peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreased in the early stage, but increased significantly in the late stage of acute <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection in mice. Importantly, TIGIT expression was positively correlated with lesions in the murine spleen. In addition, <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>-specific TIGIT<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T<jats:sub>CM<\/jats:sub> cells in the spleen were activated and transformed into TIGIT<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T<jats:sub>EM<\/jats:sub> cells. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of spleen sections and real-time PCR showed that the severity of splenic lesions was positively correlated with the <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> load. This study demonstrates that acute <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection can regulate the expression of TIGIT in T cells and affect immune cell function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2021010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T09:21:24Z","timestamp":1614244884000},"page":"13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Expression of TIGIT in splenic and circulatory T cells from mice acutely infected with <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Shuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuankai","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenchao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangrui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47024-8","volume":"9","author":"Ackermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1556\/EuJMI.3.2013.3.10","volume":"3","author":"Berrocal Almanza","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology"},{"issue":"22","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9196","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015298108","volume":"108","author":"Bhadra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200839116","volume":"39","author":"Boles","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030788","volume":"198","author":"Bottino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-009-0682-y","volume":"58","author":"Casado","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.09.037","volume":"192","author":"Edwards","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"issue":"3","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90203","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090203","volume":"9","author":"Flegr","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2015.08.009","volume":"36","author":"Guirelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"3","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0483-7","volume":"37","author":"Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seminars in Immunopathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2014.10.018","volume":"26","author":"Johnston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0487-3","volume":"37","author":"Landrith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seminars in Immunopathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201041136","volume":"41","author":"Levin","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R14","first-page":"136","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control"},{"issue":"8","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103627","volume":"188","author":"Lozano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"9425","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X","volume":"363","author":"Montoya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxoplasmosis. 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