{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T01:35:45Z","timestamp":1778895345701,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":138,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Cyclocotyla bellones<\/jats:italic> Otto, 1823 (Monogenea, Diclidophoridae) is one of the few monogenean species reported as hyperparasitic: the worms dwell on cymothoid isopods, themselves parasites of the buccal cavity of fishes. We present here observations based on newly collected monogenean specimens from <jats:italic>Ceratothoa parallela<\/jats:italic> (Otto, 1828), an isopod parasite of <jats:italic>Boops boops<\/jats:italic> off Algeria and also investigated its diet to address whether <jats:italic>Cy. bellones<\/jats:italic> is indeed a hyperparasite, i.e., whether it feeds on the isopod. We also compared the body shape of various monogeneans belonging to the same family as <jats:italic>Cy. bellones<\/jats:italic>, the Diclidophoridae, including <jats:italic>Choricotyle<\/jats:italic> cf. <jats:italic>chrysophryi<\/jats:italic> Van Beneden &amp; Hesse, 1863, collected from <jats:italic>Pagellus acarne<\/jats:italic> off Algeria. No morphological character of the anterior organs suggested any special adaptation in <jats:italic>Cy. bellones<\/jats:italic> to the perforation of the crustacean cuticle. The wall of the oesophagus and of the intestine of <jats:italic>Cy. bellones<\/jats:italic> was lined with a dark pigment similar to what is usually observed in haematophagous polyopisthocotyleans, and which is derived from ingested fish blood. We noticed that an anterior elongate stem exists only in diclidophorids dwelling on parasitic isopods and never in those attached to the gills. We hypothesize that the anterior stem of the body of <jats:italic>Cy. bellones<\/jats:italic> is an anatomical adaptation for the monogenean to feed on the fish while dwelling on the isopod. We thus consider that <jats:italic>Cy. bellones<\/jats:italic> is an epibiont of the parasitic crustacean, as it uses it merely as an attachment substrate, and is not a true hyperparasite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2022028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T08:31:46Z","timestamp":1652949106000},"page":"28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Truly a hyperparasite, or simply an epibiont on a parasite? The case of <i>Cyclocotyla bellones<\/i> (Monogenea, Diclidophoridae)"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9620-8273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chahinez","family":"Bouguerche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5539-1630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadila","family":"Tazerouti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7155-4540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Lou","family":"Justine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","first-page":"287","volume":"24","author":"Aguilar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists"},{"issue":"4","key":"R2","first-page":"441","volume":"37","author":"Akmirza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Zoology"},{"issue":"Supplement B","key":"R3","first-page":"353","volume":"16","author":"Akm\u0131rza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2016.11.004","volume":"66","author":"Ayadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12873","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12873","volume":"10","author":"Ayadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07097-9","volume":"120","author":"Azizi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1017\/JOH2006368","volume":"80","author":"Bakke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Helminthology"},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"Bellal A. 2018. 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