{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:42:30Z","timestamp":1791434550734,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":158,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Macaques, <jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic>, are a known reservoir of <jats:italic>Plasmodium knowlesi,<\/jats:italic> the agent of simian malaria which is the predominant zoonotic species affecting humans in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. Recently, a naturally acquired human infection of another simian malaria parasite, <jats:italic>P. cynomolgi<\/jats:italic> has been reported. Thus, it is crucial to study the distribution of simian <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> infections with particular attention to the macaques. Four hundred and nineteen (419) long-tailed macaques (<jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic>) were trapped in selected areas where human cases of <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. cynomolgi<\/jats:italic> have been reported. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to identify the <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp., and circumsporozoite protein (CSP) genes of <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic> samples were sequenced. <jats:italic>Plasmodium cynomolgi<\/jats:italic> infection was shown to be the most prevalent among the macaque population (68.4%). Although 50.6% of analyzed samples contained single infections either with <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. cynomolgi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. inui<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. coatneyi<\/jats:italic>, or <jats:italic>P. fieldi<\/jats:italic>, mixed infections with double, triple, quadruple, and all 5 species were also detected. Infection with <jats:italic>P. cynomolgi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic> were the highest among Malaysian macaques in areas where humans and macaques are in close contact. The risk of zoonotic infection in these areas needs to be addressed since the number of zoonotic malaria cases is on the rise. With the elimination of human malaria, the risk of humans being infected with simian malaria is very high and steps should be taken to mitigate this issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2022032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T07:51:51Z","timestamp":1654674711000},"page":"32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["<i>Plasmodium<\/i> spp. in macaques, <i>Macaca fascicularis,<\/i> in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2638-3789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noorazian Md","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4153-4562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jannah","family":"Zulkefli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adela Ida","family":"Jiram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3952-7996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indra","family":"Vythilingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamilah","family":"Hisam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renuka","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afiqah","family":"Salehhuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurulshuhada Md","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maccallyster","family":"Isa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norwahida","family":"Alias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6568-5651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurhainis","family":"Ogu salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adli Abd","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lokman Hakim","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0856-3","volume":"14","author":"Akter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105596","volume":"211","author":"Amir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77924","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077924","volume":"8","author":"Braima","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1038","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30333-9","volume":"5","author":"Brasil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1126\/science.149.3686.865.a","volume":"149","author":"Chin","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1968.17.355","volume":"17","author":"Chin","year":"1968","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-020-00247-5","volume":"39","author":"Chin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3627-0","volume":"12","author":"Chua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malaysia. 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