{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:45:39Z","timestamp":1792813539254,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009997","name":"Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["nycytx-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["nycytx-38"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009997","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a common zoonotic intestinal parasitic protozoan and sheep are among its hosts; however, limited information is available on sheep kept in large-scale housing. The Hu sheep is a first-class protected local livestock breed in China. In this study, we investigated the seasonal dynamics of\n                    <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in Hu sheep and the environmental contamination of large-scale sheep farms. We collected 474 fecal samples and 312 environmental samples from Hu sheep on a large-scale sheep farm in Henan, China. The prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was determined by nested PCR targeting the \u03b2\u2011giardin (\n                    <jats:italic>bg<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene. The assemblages and multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were investigated based on analyses of three genetic loci, i.e.\n                    <jats:italic>bg<\/jats:italic>\n                    , glutamate dehydrogenase (\n                    <jats:italic>gdh<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and triosephosphate isomerase (\n                    <jats:italic>tpi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). To detect mixed infections of different assemblages, assemblage A\/E-specific PCRs were performed to amplify the\n                    <jats:italic>tpi<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. The prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in sheep was 17.9% (81\/474) and the positivity rate in environmental samples was 0.96% (3\/312). Genetic analysis revealed the presence of two assemblages (assemblages A and E), with assemblage E being detected in both fecal and environmental samples, and assemblage A detected only in fecal samples. A total of 23 MLGs were obtained in fecal and environmental samples, all of which belonged to assemblage E. These results indicate the seasonal dynamics of\n                    <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in sheep and environmental contamination on large-scale housing sheep farms and provide an important reference for the prevention and control of\n                    <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    on large-scale housing sheep farms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2023004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T04:02:15Z","timestamp":1674705735000},"page":"2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["<i>Giardia duodenalis<\/i>\n                    in Hu sheep: occurrence and environmental contamination on large-scale housing farms"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Qianming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyang","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pihong","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuchun","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changshen","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.01.008","volume":"121","author":"Armson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1179-x","volume":"104","author":"Bajer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"issue":"13","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.04.008","volume":"38","author":"Cacci\u00f2","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020060","volume":"27","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"9","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007250","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007250","volume":"14","author":"Cernikova","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"issue":"7","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.006","volume":"33","author":"Certad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3367-1","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0118065","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118065","volume":"10","author":"Colli","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-69.11.2786","volume":"69","author":"Erickson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Food Protection"},{"issue":"8","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw361","volume":"214","author":"Fantinatti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00033-10","volume":"24","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-012-0746-x","volume":"9","author":"Ferrer","year":"2012","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"issue":"1","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.1.114-128.2001","volume":"14","author":"Gardner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.07.016","volume":"38","author":"Geurden","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2016013","volume":"23","author":"Heyworth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"4","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018001683","volume":"146","author":"Horton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.12.001","volume":"250","author":"Jian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.09.021","volume":"247","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050427","volume":"84","author":"Karanis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.10.022","volume":"35","author":"Lalle","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006001533","volume":"134","author":"Langkjaer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02004","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2020.58.6.681","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Parasitology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.02.031","volume":"154","author":"Palmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102126","volume":"77","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"issue":"1","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1828-3","volume":"9","author":"Qi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2004.02.001","volume":"4","author":"Read","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.08.007","volume":"51","author":"Ryan","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"issue":"5","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.02.015","volume":"22","author":"Savioli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"issue":"11","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0911.030084","volume":"9","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.03.006","volume":"111","author":"Traub","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.02.006","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"issue":"1","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1943-1","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R34","first-page":"4601737","volume":"2018","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.04.011","volume":"210","author":"Ye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"issue":"9","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1826","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001826","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"}],"container-title":["Parasite"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2023004\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T04:02:35Z","timestamp":1674705755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2023004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["parasite220125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2023004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1776-1042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1776-1042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}