{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:04:39Z","timestamp":1791821079312,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":305,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Fund for Shanxi \u201c1331\u201d Project Quality and Efficiency Improvement Plan","award":["1331KFC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1331KFC"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Fund of Shanxi Province","award":["20210302123297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210302123297"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasmosis is caused by <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>, which infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Currently, control measures for <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection are insufficient due to the lack of effective medications or vaccines. In this paper, recombinant <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> uridine phosphorylase (r<jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>UPase) was expressed in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and purified via Ni<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-NTA agarose. r<jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>UPase was inoculated intranasally into BALB\/c mice, and the induced immune responses were evaluated by mucosal and humoral antibody and cytokine assays and lymphoproliferative measurements. Moreover, the protective effect against the <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> RH strain infection was assessed by calculating the burdens of tachyzoites in the liver and brain and by recording the survival rate and time. Our results revealed that mice immunised with 30\u00a0\u03bcg r<jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>UPase produced significantly higher levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) in nasal, intestinal, vaginal and vesical washes and synthesised higher levels of total IgG, IgG1 and, in particular, IgG2a in their blood sera. r<jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>UPase immunisation increased the production of IFN-gamma, interleukin IL-2 and IL-4, but not IL-10 from isolated mouse spleen cells and enhanced splenocyte proliferation <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. r<jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>UPase-inoculated mice were effectively protected against infection with the <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> RH strain, showing considerable reduction of tachyzoite burdens in liver and brain tissues after 30 days of infection, and a 44.29% increase in survival rate during an acute challenge. The above findings show that intranasal inoculation with r<jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>UPase provoked mucosal, humoral and cellular immune responses and indicate that r<jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>UPase might serve as a promising vaccine candidate for protecting against toxoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2023047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T08:59:33Z","timestamp":1699001973000},"page":"46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intranasal immunisation with recombinant <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> uridine phosphorylase confers resistance against acute toxoplasmosis in 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