{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T19:45:05Z","timestamp":1783712705828,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":331,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["2019GXNSFBA185009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GXNSFBA185009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic> is a common intestinal protozoan that can cause diarrhea and intestinal disease in animals and in humans. However, the prevalence and assemblages of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> in pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region have not been reported. In this study, a total of 724 fecal samples (201 from nursery pigs, 183 from piglets, 175 from breeding pigs, and 165 from fattening pigs) were obtained in four areas of the region (Nanning, Yulin, Hezhou, and Guigang). The gene of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (<jats:italic>SSU rRNA<\/jats:italic>) of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> was amplified by nested PCR. The results show that the prevalence of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> in pigs was 3.59% (26\/724), of which 14 samples belonged to assemblage A (53.85%) and 12 samples belonged to assemblage E (46.15%). The infection rates of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> in Hezhou, Yulin, Nanning, and Guigang were 0%, 0.7%, 10.8% and 1.1%, respectively (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a045.616, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01); whereas 5.1% of breeding pigs, 6.0% of piglets, 2.4% of fattening pigs, and 1.0% of nursery pigs were infected with <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a08.874, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05)<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> The <jats:italic>SSU rRNA<\/jats:italic>-positive samples were amplified by PCR based on the \u03b2-giardin (<jats:italic>bg<\/jats:italic>), glutamate dehydrogenase (<jats:italic>gdh<\/jats:italic>), and triphosphate isomerase (<jats:italic>tpi<\/jats:italic>) genes. Ten, eight and seven positive samples were detected, respectively. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the three genetic loci sequences, a multilocus genotyping A1 was found. The findings of this study provide basic data for the development of prevention and control of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> infections in pigs and humans in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2023051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T08:55:30Z","timestamp":1701161730000},"page":"51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["First report of prevalence and assemblage analysis of <i>Giardia duodenalis<\/i> in pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ya-Fei","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Jie","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Hong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Ang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.02.017","volume":"70","author":"Akinkuotu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution: Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00422-3","volume":"112","author":"Appelbee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.01.008","volume":"121","author":"Armson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13243","volume":"9","author":"Asghari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"R5","first-page":"62","volume":"7","author":"Bartelt","year":"2015","journal-title":"F1000 Prime Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.07.047","volume":"184","author":"Budu-Amoako","year":"2012","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"issue":"13","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.04.008","volume":"38","author":"Cacci\u00f2","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Aquino MCC, In\u00e1cio SV, Rodrigues FS, de Barros LD, Garcia JL, Headley SA, Gomes JF, Bresciani KDS. 2020. Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.557967"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/003591572001301601","volume":"13","author":"Dobell","year":"1920","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2003.00634.x","volume":"25","author":"Eckmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasite Immunology"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2016.07.019","volume":"34","author":"Einarsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Microbiology"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875048","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/875048","volume":"2013","author":"Fava","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Research International"},{"issue":"1","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00033-10","volume":"24","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1113-2","volume":"103","author":"Foronda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2019056","volume":"26","author":"Jing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"2","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.10.022","volume":"35","author":"Lalle","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102154","volume":"78","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"R18","first-page":"949773","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2023.100500","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02004","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1942-2","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-25","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10051977","volume":"10","author":"Lv","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.04.032","volume":"141","author":"Maddox-Hyttel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1059-z","volume":"8","author":"Minetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"6","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12075","volume":"61","author":"Minetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.11.006","volume":"25","author":"Monis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.09.020","volume":"214","author":"Petersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2018.04.007","volume":"53","author":"Pipikov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection"},{"issue":"2","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0228317","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228317","volume":"15","author":"Rafiei","year":"2020","journal-title":"A community survey. PloS one"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2019.07.002","volume":"106","author":"Ryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in Parasitology"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.08.007","volume":"51","author":"Ryan","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"R33","first-page":"406","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"issue":"5","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.02.015","volume":"22","author":"Savioli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"issue":"12","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000558","volume":"3","author":"Sprong","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"11","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0911.030084","volume":"9","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.09.028","volume":"40","author":"Thompson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"issue":"10","key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01123.x","volume":"8","author":"Verle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health"},{"issue":"15","key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026618666181002095314","volume":"18","author":"Vivancos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12634","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2418-8","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3692-4","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"5","key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.11.007","volume":"41","author":"Wielinga","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"issue":"9","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017000439","volume":"144","author":"Zahedi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0228673","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228673","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"22","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3148","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12223148","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"R47","first-page":"1592","volume":"49","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10111481","volume":"10","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"}],"container-title":["Parasite"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2023051\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T08:56:14Z","timestamp":1701161774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2023051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["parasite230117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2023051","relation":{},"ISSN":["1776-1042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1776-1042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}