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The elimination of these diseases is linked to control of the vector. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an environment-friendly method that has been shown to be effective when applied in an area-wide integrated pest management approach. However, as irradiated males conserve their vectorial competence, there is the potential risk of trypanosome transmission with their release in the field. Analyzing the interaction between the tsetse fly and its microbiota, and between different microbiota and the trypanosome, might provide important information to enhance the fly\u2019s resistance to trypanosome infection. This study on the prevalence of <jats:italic>Spiroplasma<\/jats:italic> in wild populations of seven tsetse species from East, West, Central and Southern Africa showed that <jats:italic>Spiroplasma<\/jats:italic> is present only in <jats:italic>Glossina fuscipes fuscipes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Glossina tachinoides<\/jats:italic>. In <jats:italic>G. tachinoides,<\/jats:italic> a significant deviation from independence in co-infection with <jats:italic>Spiroplasma<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic> spp. was observed. Moreover, <jats:italic>Spiroplasma<\/jats:italic> infections seem to significantly reduce the density of the trypanosomes, suggesting that <jats:italic>Spiroplasma<\/jats:italic> might enhance tsetse fly\u2019s refractoriness to the trypanosome infections. This finding might be useful to reduce risks associated with the release of sterile males during SIT implementation in trypanosome endemic areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2023064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T09:22:03Z","timestamp":1703064123000},"page":"62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prevalence of <i>Spiroplasma<\/i> and interaction with wild <i>Glossina tachinoides<\/i> microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9383-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiswend-Sida M","family":"Dera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouhamadou M","family":"Dieng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Percy","family":"Moyaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisele MS","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souma\u00efla","family":"Pagabeleguem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flobert","family":"Njokou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois S","family":"Ngambia Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantel J","family":"de Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L","family":"Mach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc JB","family":"Vreysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7540-4462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adly MM","family":"Abd-Alla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrios GN. 2005. 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