{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:51:54Z","timestamp":1791615114971,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":65,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004493","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SEN5040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEN5040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004493","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SEN5029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEN5029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004493","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SEN5031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEN5031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004493","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SEN5033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEN5033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004493","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SEN5036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEN5036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) was one of the main disease-related constraints to the development of intensive livestock production systems in the Niayes region of Senegal, a 30\u00a0km wide strip of land along the coast between Dakar and Saint-Louis. To overcome this constraint, the Government of Senegal initiated an area-wide integrated pest management programme combining chemical control tactics with the sterile insect technique to eradicate a population of the tsetse fly <jats:italic>Glossina palpalis gambiensis<\/jats:italic> Vanderplank, 1949 (Diptera, Glossinidae) in this area. The project was implemented following a phased conditional approach, and the target area was divided into three blocks treated sequentially. This study aims to assess the temporal dynamics of the prevalence of <jats:italic>Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic> spp. during the implementation of this programme. Between 2009 and 2022, 4,359 blood samples were collected from cattle and screened for trypanosomes using both the buffy coat and ELISA techniques, and PCR tests since 2020. The seroprevalence decreased from 18.9% (95%CI: 11.2\u201326.5) in 2009 to 0% in 2017\u20132022 in block 1, and from 92.9% (95%CI: 88.2\u201397) in 2010 to 0% in 2021 in block 2. The parasitological and serological data confirm the entomological monitoring results, <jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>, that there is a high probability that the population of <jats:italic>G. p. gambiensis<\/jats:italic> has been eradicated from the Niayes and that the transmission of AAT has been interrupted in the treated area. These results indicate the effectiveness of the adopted approach and show that AAT can be sustainably removed through the creation of a zone free of <jats:italic>G. p. gambiensis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2024010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T09:06:31Z","timestamp":1709802391000},"page":"11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Animal trypanosomosis eliminated in a major livestock production region in Senegal following the eradication of a tsetse population"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8512-4567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Momar Talla","family":"Seck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5061-4391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assane Gu\u00e8ye","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4816-9812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamadou","family":"Ciss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6794-4426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mame Thierno","family":"Bakhoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baba","family":"Sall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adji Mar\u00e8me","family":"Gaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0613-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Gimonneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireille Djimangali","family":"Bass\u00e8ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5826-5242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renaud","family":"Lancelot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc J.B.","family":"Vreysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1913-416X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Bouyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.1.2354","volume":"34","author":"Bouyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"OIE (International Office of Epizootics) Scientific and Technical Review"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3112","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003112","volume":"8","author":"Bouyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.03.025","volume":"63","author":"Bouyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.01.018","volume":"161","author":"Bouyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/47.4.543","volume":"47","author":"Bouyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"key":"R6","first-page":"53","volume":"43\/sp\u00e9cial Dom-Tom","author":"Bouyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bulletin Epid\u00e9miologique"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14575","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516778112","volume":"112","author":"Bouyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"Budd L. 1999. DFID-funded tsetse and trypanosome research and development since 1980. Volume 2: Economic Analysis, Livestock Production Programme. NRInternational: Chatham Maritime."},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56919-5","volume":"9","author":"Ciss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"R10","first-page":"449","volume":"37","author":"Cuisance","year":"1984","journal-title":"Revue d\u2019\u00c9levage et de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire des Pays tropicaux"},{"key":"R11","first-page":"161","volume":"27","author":"d\u2019Amico","year":"1996","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"R12","unstructured":"Desquesnes M, Dia ML, Acapovi G, Yoni W. 2005. Les vecteurs m\u00e9caniques des trypanosomoses animales: g\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9, morphologie, biologie, impacts et contr\u00f4le. Identification des esp\u00e8ces les plus abondantes en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest. Bobo Dioulasso: CIRDES."},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.2001.11813624","volume":"95","author":"Desquesnes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.07.004","volume":"39","author":"Desquesnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.005","volume":"33","author":"Diall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.005","volume":"33","author":"Diall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10149","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1407773111","volume":"111","author":"Dicko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4273-2","volume":"114","author":"Durel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00503-9","volume":"101","author":"Faye","year":"2001","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005248","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005248","volume":"10","author":"Gimonneau","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hendrichs J, Vreysen M, Enkerlin W, Cayol J. 2021. Strategic options in using sterile insects for area-wide integrated pest management, in Sterile insect technique. Dyck VA, Hendrichs J, Robinson AS, Editors. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. p. 841\u2013884.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003035572-26"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hilbe JM. 2011. Negative binomial regression. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511973420"},{"issue":"(3\u20134)","key":"R23","first-page":"67","volume":"84\/85","author":"Hursey","year":"1995","journal-title":"World Animal Review"},{"key":"R24","unstructured":"Jordan AM. 1986. Trypanosomiasis control and African rural development. Longman: New York, NY."},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klassen W, Vreysen M. 2021. Area-wide integrated pest management and the sterile insect technique, in Sterile insect technique. Dyck VA, Hendrichs J, Robinson AS, Editors. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. p. 75\u2013112.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003035572-3"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-521X(98)00086-9","volume":"59","author":"Kristjanson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Agricultural systems"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2307\/3314912","volume":"15","author":"Lawless","year":"1987","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.1996.tb00085.x","volume":"1","author":"Leak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000061023","volume":"99","author":"Moser","year":"1989","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04087-1","volume":"13","author":"Mulandane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R31","unstructured":"Ndiaye EHY. 2009. Contribution \u00e0 la lutte contre la mouche ts\u00e9-ts\u00e9 par la mise en place d\u2019un r\u00e9seau de surveillance dans les Niayes (S\u00e9n\u00e9gal). Paris: ENVA\/CIRAD."},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.06.029","volume":"124","author":"Njiru","year":"2004","journal-title":"Veterinary parasitology"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-004-1267-5","volume":"95","author":"Njiru","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitoloy Research"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49762","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049762","volume":"7","author":"Pagabeleguem","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R35","unstructured":"R Core Team. 2017. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available at http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"#cr-split#-R36.1","unstructured":"Saleh KM, Mussa WA, Juma KG, Vreysen MJB. 1999. Eradication of Glossina austeni from the island of Unguja confirmed: results of 2\u00a0years of post-eradication monitoring activities, in Proceedings of the 25th Meeting of the International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control"},{"key":"#cr-split#-R36.2","unstructured":"27 September-1 October, 1999. OAU\/IBAR, Editor. Mombasa: Kenya. p. 231-238."},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2010173257","volume":"17","author":"Seck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v76i1.57","volume":"76","author":"Shaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e692","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000692","volume":"4","author":"Solano","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Tropical Neglected diseases"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3905","volume":"72","author":"Suckling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pest Management Science"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00257.x","volume":"14","author":"Torr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.7978","volume":"27","author":"Tour\u00e9","year":"1974","journal-title":"Revue d\u2019\u00c9levage et de M\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire des Pays tropicaux"},{"key":"R43","unstructured":"Tour\u00e9 SM. 1972. Rapport sur les campagnes de lutte contre les glossines dans la r\u00e9gion des Niayes du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal en vue de l\u2019\u00e9radication des trypanosomiases. Dakar: IEMVT, ISRA\/LNERV."},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vreysen M, Seck M, Sall B, Mbaye A, Bassene M, Fall A, Lo M, Bouyer J. 2021. Area-wide integrated management of a Glossina palpalis gambiensis population from the Niayes area of Senegal: a review of operational research in support of a phased conditional approach, in Area-wide integrated pest management: development and field application. Hendrichs J, Pereira R, Vreysen MJB, Editors. CRC Press: Boca Raton. p. 275\u2013303.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003169239-16"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2857","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002857","volume":"8","author":"Vreysen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-93.1.123","volume":"93","author":"Vreysen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Economical Entomology"}],"container-title":["Parasite"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2024010\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T12:56:31Z","timestamp":1709816191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2024010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["parasite230075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2024010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1776-1042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1776-1042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}