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Some foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis due to<jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense<\/jats:italic>(g-HAT) persist in southern Chad, where a program of tsetse control was implemented against the local vector<jats:italic>Glossina fuscipes fuscipes<\/jats:italic>in 2018 in Maro. We analyzed the population genetics of<jats:italic>G. f. fuscipes<\/jats:italic>from the Maro focus before control (T0), one year (T1), and 18 months (T2) after the beginning of control efforts. Most flies captured displayed a local genetic profile (local survivors), but a few flies displayed outlier genotypes. Moreover, disturbance of isolation by distance signature (increase of genetic distance with geographic distance) and effective population size estimates, absence of any genetic signature of a bottleneck, and an increase of genetic diversity between T0 and T2 strongly suggest gene flows from various origins, and a limited impact of the vector control efforts on this tsetse population. Continuous control and surveillance of g-HAT transmission is thus recommended in Maro. Particular attention will need to be paid to the border with the Central African Republic, a country where the entomological and epidemiological status of g-HAT is unknown.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2024013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T09:06:31Z","timestamp":1709802391000},"page":"13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Limited impact of vector control on the population genetic structure of<i>Glossina fuscipes fuscipes<\/i>from the sleeping sickness focus of Maro, Chad"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3093-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Ravel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3826-3194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adeline","family":"S\u00e9gard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brahim Guihini","family":"Mollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahamat Hiss\u00e8ne","family":"Mahamat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0812-0595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Argiles-Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1913-416X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Bouyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9642-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Baptiste","family":"Rayaisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4351-3506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallaye","family":"P\u00e8ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Darnas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7405-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrien Marie Gaston","family":"Belem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1156-8350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilfrid","family":"Yoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"No\u00fbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8807-241X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"de Mee\u00fbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Belkhir K, Borsa P, Chikhi L, Raufaste N, Bonhomme F. 2004. 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