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In order to assess the potentially pathogenic nature of this protozoan, a retrospective case-control study was carried out between January and December 2020 on patients from Toulouse University Hospital, with the aim of evaluating the potential clinical effects and changes in laboratory parameters linked to the presence and load of <jats:italic>D. fragilis<\/jats:italic> in stools. After matching age, sex and mode of care (consultation or hospitalisation), no significant difference was observed in the frequency of clinical signs between the 36 patients who tested positive for <jats:italic>Dientamoeba fragilis<\/jats:italic> PCR in their stools and the 72 control patients who were PCR negative for this protozoan. The presence of <jats:italic>D. fragilis<\/jats:italic> in the faeces was not associated with changes in laboratory parameters. Furthermore, a high digestive load of <jats:italic>D. fragilis<\/jats:italic> had no identifiable impact on clinical and laboratory parameters. Only the concomitant presence of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. in stools was significantly more frequent in the <jats:italic>D. fragilis<\/jats:italic> group (uni- and multivariate analysis). Finally, this study showed no significant difference in clinical or laboratory signs between patients carrying <jats:italic>Dientamoeba fragilis<\/jats:italic> and the control group, regardless of the intestinal parasite load, suggesting that <jats:italic>D. fragilis<\/jats:italic> could be considered a commensal of the digestive tract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2024041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T08:13:27Z","timestamp":1721895207000},"page":"40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["No evidence of pathogenicity of <i>Dientamoeba fragilis<\/i> following detection in stools: A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Germain","family":"Tchamwa Bamini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u00e9na","family":"Charpentier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Guemas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Chauvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Fillaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Valentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Cassaing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandie","family":"M\u00e9nard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Iriart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103868","volume":"139","author":"Aykur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbial Pathogenesis"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011000448","volume":"138","author":"Banik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Boer MD, Schuurs TA, Vermeer M, Ruijs GJHM, van der Zanden AGM, Weel JF, Bruijnesteijn van Coppenraet LES. 2020. 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