{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T20:36:09Z","timestamp":1740170169231,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":205,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> species are intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites that infect a variety of hosts. The goal of this study was to evaluate the piroplasm species present in skunks in various states in the United States and determine whether there was any geographic variation. Spleen, whole blood, or blood on filter paper were received from Pennsylvania, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Missouri, Louisiana, Texas, Kansas, and California, and were tested for <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> sp. We tested four species of skunks including striped skunk (<jats:italic>Mephitis mephitis, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a072), eastern spotted skunk (<jats:italic>Spilogale putorius, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a028), western spotted skunk (<jats:italic>Spilogale gracilis, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015), and hog-nosed skunk (<jats:italic>Conepatus leuconotus, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011). A PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA region and <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic> region were used to determine if skunks were infected with piroplasms and for phylogenetic analyses. A total of 48.4% (61\/126) of skunks tested positive for a <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> species. Both the 18S and <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic> analysis supported a skunk-specific <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>-like sp. of carnivores as well as a species in the <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> complex that is phylogenetically unique from both <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> of humans and the <jats:italic>B. microti-<\/jats:italic>like sp. of carnivores. In the 18S analysis, there was a third species of <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> in hog-nosed skunks in the western piroplasm group. This study shows that at least three species of piroplasms occur in skunk species in the United States and further highlights the importance of phylogenetic analyses and the use of multiple gene targets when studying piroplasms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2024043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T08:13:27Z","timestamp":1721895207000},"page":"42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diversity of <i>Babesia<\/i> spp. in skunks from selected states in the United States of America"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7893-6157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayla B.","family":"Garrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mourad","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Dowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Clint","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dianna","family":"Krejsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Yabsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2017.05.007","volume":"52","author":"Aktas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comparative Immunological Microbiological Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0830-5","volume":"8","author":"Baneth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baneth G, Cardoso L, Brilhante-Sim\u00f5es P, Schnittger L. 2019. 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