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In the present study, <jats:italic>Rhabdias macrocephalum<\/jats:italic> n. sp. is described using integrated morphological methods (light and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular approaches (sequencing of the nuclear 28S and ITS regions, and mitochondrial <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>cox2<\/jats:italic>, and 12S genes) based on specimens collected from the green striped tree dragon <jats:italic>Diploderma splendidum<\/jats:italic> (Barbour &amp; Dunn) (Reptilia: Agamidae) in China. The complete mitochondrial genome of <jats:italic>R. macrocephalum<\/jats:italic> n. sp. was sequenced and annotated: it is 14,819\u00a0bp in length, including 12 protein coding genes (missing <jats:italic>atp<\/jats:italic>8), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and three non-coding regions. The gene arrangement of <jats:italic>R. macrocephalum<\/jats:italic> n. sp. is different from all of the currently available mitogenomes of nematodes and represents a novel type of mitochondrial gene arrangement reported in Nematoda. Molecular phylogenetic results based on the ITS\u00a0+\u00a028S data support the monophyly of <jats:italic>Entomelas<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pneumonema<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Serpentirhabdias<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Rhabdias<\/jats:italic>, and showed <jats:italic>R. macrocephalum<\/jats:italic> n. sp. forming a most basal lineage in <jats:italic>Rhabdias<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2024046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T08:10:41Z","timestamp":1723623041000},"page":"48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Morphology, complete mitochondrial genome, and molecular phylogeny of <i>Rhabdias macrocephalum<\/i> n. sp. 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