{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:12:49Z","timestamp":1787004769791,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":219,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"BJAST Budding Talent Program","award":["11000024T000002830810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11000024T000002830810"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2008085QC136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008085QC136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Snakes are sometimes regarded as pets and are used in traditional Chinese medicine.\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. are frequently identified in snakes, representing an important pathogen and causing gastrointestinal diseases. Current data indicate that risk factors for infection and patterns of clinical symptom presentation may differ among\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. To better understand the infection status by\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., fecal samples were collected from 603 asymptomatic and 147 symptomatic snakes in 26 provinces of China. These samples came from\n                    <jats:italic>Elaphe guttata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Elaphe obsoleta, Pituophis melanoleucus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Thamnophis sirtalis, Lampropeltis getulus,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Heterodon nasicus.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The partial small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the infection rate of\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., and to assess evolutionary relationships and genetic characterization. A prevalence of 20% was recorded in asymptomatic snakes, with age identified as a significant risk factor. In contrast, 70% of symptomatic snakes were positive for\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., with\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium serpentis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium varanii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (syn.\n                    <jats:italic>C. saurophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Further analysis revealed a potential association between\n                    <jats:italic>C. serpentis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and regurgitation, and\n                    <jats:italic>C. varanii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and diarrhea, while neither species was linked to flatulence. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and associated clinical signs in symptomatic snakes in China. This study aims to enhance the understanding of\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections, risk factors, and clinical manifestations in snakes, providing data crucial for the control and prevention of cryptosporidiosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2024047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T07:58:49Z","timestamp":1723017529000},"page":"47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<i>Cryptosporidium<\/i>\n                    spp. in captive snakes from 26 provinces in China: Prevalence, molecular characterization, and symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yilei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxiao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingru","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijie","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiangxin","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yew","family":"Hwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangjun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingxun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8007-8072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Congshan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","first-page":"129","volume":"64","author":"Akhila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Parasitology"},{"key":"R2","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Aust","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oryx"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4270904","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4270904","volume":"2017","author":"Bercier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bogan J. 2019. 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