{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T23:25:54Z","timestamp":1770679554237,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":241,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Basic scientific research project of Wenzhou","award":["(Y2023070)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(Y2023070)"]}]},{"name":"the Funded Project of Zhejiang Province University student science and Technology Innovation Activity Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Captive and free-living wildlife serve as significant hosts for <jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic>. Asiatic black bears, valued for their economic and medicinal importance, are extensively farmed in China and also prevalent in zoos. However, studies on <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> in these animals in China are limited. Here, 218 feces samples of Asiatic black bears were collected: 36 from a zoo in Heilongjiang Province, and 182 from a farm in Fujian Province. Nested PCR of the <jats:italic>SSU rRNA<\/jats:italic> gene, followed by sequencing, was employed to determine the frequency and assemblage distribution of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic>. Positive samples underwent further analysis through multilocus genotyping (MLG) by amplifying the genes for glutamate dehydrogenase (<jats:italic>gdh<\/jats:italic>), \u03b2-giardin (<jats:italic>bg<\/jats:italic>), and triosephosphate isomerase (<jats:italic>tpi<\/jats:italic>). Of the 218 samples, <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> was detected in 22 cases at the <jats:italic>SSU rRNA<\/jats:italic> gene locus, including three from Heilongjiang and 19 from Fujian. Three assemblages were identified: A (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01), B (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a016), and E (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02) in Fujian; and B (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03) in Heilongjiang. Out of the 22 positive samples, 20, 19, and 9 were effectively amplified and sequenced across the <jats:italic>tpi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>gdh<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>bg<\/jats:italic> loci, respectively. Seven samples were genotyped successfully at all three loci, identifying MLG-B1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01), MLG-B2 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01), and MLG-B3 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01), MLG-B4 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01), MLG-B5 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02), and MLG-B6 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01) as the six assemblage B MLGs. This study marks the first documentation of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> in Asiatic black bears in captivity in Fujian and Heilongjiang. The identification of zoonotic assemblages A and B, along with E, underscores potential public health concerns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2024048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T08:02:27Z","timestamp":1725004947000},"page":"50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence and assemblage identified of <i>Giardia duodenalis<\/i> in zoo and farmed Asiatic black bears (<i>Ursus thibetanus<\/i>) from the Heilongjiang and Fujian Provinces of China"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jiani","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyuting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junchen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huicong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.05.069","volume":"28","author":"Alnomasy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi 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