{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:52:46Z","timestamp":1788562366984,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":241,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019091","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021SK2032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SK2032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020JJ5863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ5863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background: Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>) is the main species of <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic> prevalent in China. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are important immunoregulatory cells and generally expand in parasite infection, but there is little research relating to MDSCs in <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic> infection. <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> Fifty-six <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>-infected patients were included in this study. MDSCs and percentages and absolute cell numbers of lymphocyte subsets, including <jats:sup>CD3+<\/jats:sup> T cells, <jats:sup>CD4+<\/jats:sup> T cells, <jats:sup>CD8+<\/jats:sup> T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells were detected using flow cytometry. The degree of liver fibrosis was determined using color Doppler ultrasound. <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> Patients infected with <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> had a much higher percentage of MDSCs among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) than the healthy control. Regarding subpopulations of MDSCs, the percentage of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) was clearly increased. Correlation analysis showed that the absolute cell counts of T-cell subsets correlated negatively with the percentages of MDSCs and G-MDSCs among PBMCs. The percentage of G-MDSCs in PBMCs was also significantly higher in patients with liver fibrosis diagnosed by color doppler ultrasound (grade\u00a0&gt;\u00a00), and the percentage of G-MDSCs in PBMCs and liver fibrosis grading based on ultrasound showed a positive correlation. <jats:italic>Conclusion: S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> infection contributes to an increase in MDSCs, especially G-MDSCs, whose proliferation may inhibit the number of <jats:sup>CD4+<\/jats:sup> T cells in peripheral blood. Meanwhile, there is a close relationship between proliferation of G-MDSCs and liver fibrosis in <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>-infected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2024050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T08:02:27Z","timestamp":1725004947000},"page":"52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Proliferation of MDSCs may indicate a lower <sup>CD4+<\/sup>\u00a0T cell immune response in schistosomiasis japonica"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4482-2885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shudong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoqin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8878-3831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingzi","family":"Ming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001223","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001223","volume":"8","author":"Cassetta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5363-0","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001671","volume":"55","author":"Darden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695972","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.695972","volume":"12","author":"Dean","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12171","volume":"32","author":"Doke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecular Oral Microbiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4117-0","volume":"113","author":"el Scheich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955034","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.955034","volume":"13","author":"Francisco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28828","volume":"116","author":"Gallina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"2","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-04-1485","volume":"108","author":"Ghassabeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0333-1","volume":"120","author":"Groth","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Cancer"},{"issue":"9541","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69440-3","volume":"368","author":"Gryseels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276404","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1276404","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.004","volume":"54","author":"Hegde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"12","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10121532","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"2","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-1299","volume":"66","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.5HI0214-074R","volume":"96","author":"Janols","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"issue":"7","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaw026","volume":"22","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"issue":"1","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1962-y","volume":"10","author":"Ke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625712","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.625712","volume":"12","author":"Lamsfus Calle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04268-6","volume":"21","author":"Leonardo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-3564","volume":"81","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-18616-6_3","volume":"1154","author":"LoVerde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12708","volume":"96","author":"Malta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00789-x","volume":"42","author":"McManus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seminars in Immunopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006870","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006870","volume":"14","author":"Morais","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"issue":"8","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4233","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-07-099226","volume":"111","author":"Movahedi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"24","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9613","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249613","volume":"21","author":"Neamah","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.46.99","volume":"46","author":"Ohmae","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"5","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1HI1016-306RR","volume":"101","author":"Ostrand-Rosenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2011.01451.x","volume":"47","author":"Palmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12790","volume":"185","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical & Experimental Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02542-2","volume":"18","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Translational Medicine"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795392","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.795392","volume":"9","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Medicine (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004537","volume":"136","author":"Perez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.62","volume":"6","author":"Poe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.034","volume":"236","author":"Range","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"7","key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3656","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3656-3664.2002","volume":"70","author":"Rodriguez-Sosa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"4","key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.4.2486","volume":"180","author":"Rutitzky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"R39","first-page":"4756","volume":"61","author":"Schmielau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02492","volume":"9","author":"Schwartz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3697-z","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01973","volume":"11","author":"Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874308","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.874308","volume":"13","author":"Stevenson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4230","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26073","volume":"118","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201606-1143OC","volume":"196","author":"Uhel","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040911","volume":"40","author":"Van Ginderachter","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-017-0022-x","volume":"19","author":"Veglia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.165","volume":"14","author":"Venet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Nephrology"},{"issue":"6","key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007386","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007386","volume":"13","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"8","key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19248","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019248","volume":"99","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"12","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4716","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601860","volume":"198","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"13","key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6807","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-3755","volume":"66","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5791","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.8.5791","volume":"181","author":"Youn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1854-2","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science China Life Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05006-8","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"12","key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4143-y","volume":"113","author":"Zhong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05539-6","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05970-3","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2017.12.004","volume":"35","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seminars in Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0010851","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010851","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"}],"container-title":["Parasite"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2024050\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T08:04:02Z","timestamp":1725005042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2024050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["parasite230140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2024050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1776-1042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1776-1042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}