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Benzimidazoles are the only compounds recommended for the treatment of AE; however, these are parasitostatic, which means that the parasite can resume growth when treatment is interrupted. Also, benzimidazoles can cause liver dysfunction which may prevent their use. Numerous drugs have been reported to have <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> activity against <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic>, but few had satisfactory <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> activity, and none were clearly more effective than benzimidazoles. These drugs belong to various therapeutic categories including anti-infective agents (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic> amphotericin B, mefloquine, pentamidine derivatives), anti-neoplastic compounds (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic> imatinib, nilotinib, bortezomib), plant-extracted compounds (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic> thymol, crocin, carvacrol) and others (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic> metformin, verapamil, thiaclopride). These treatments are generally of limited interest due to their toxicity, their unfavorable pharmacokinetics, or the scarcity of studies involving humans. Apart from benzimidazoles, only amphotericin B, mefloquine and nitazoxanide have been reported to be used for human AE treatment, with unsatisfactory results. Few studies have aimed at developing innovative strategies for AE drug therapy, such as vectorization of drugs using nanoparticles. Altogether, this review emphasizes the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies in AE management, for which there is currently no curative chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2024055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T07:49:19Z","timestamp":1727077759000},"page":"56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Chemotherapy for the treatment of alveolar echinococcosis: Where are 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