{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T05:22:30Z","timestamp":1781328150878,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":105,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. LH2022C036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LH2022C036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a potent immunoenzyme found in dendritic cells (DCs). Research has demonstrated that <jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic> induces IDO expression in the host immune response through its excretory-secretory (ES) antigens. However, the role of IDO in the immune response to <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> remains unclear. To examine the effects of <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> ES antigens on IDO expression in DCs <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, assessments were conducted using qRT-PCR, Western blotting (WB), flow cytometry, and siRNA transfer. The findings indicated that ES antigen stimulation upregulated IDO expression in DCs <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, ES antigen significantly enhanced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3, along with the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, downstream of IDO in DCs. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that surface molecules CD40, MHC-II, CD80, and CD86 on DCs were upregulated following stimulation with ES antigen and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Compared to the ES antigen alone, siRNA620 effectively inhibited IDO levels, demonstrating a statistically significant reduction. Continuous stimulation of DCs by ES antigens may lead to immune tolerance through the activation of IDO-mediated inflammation-associated factors. These results suggest that IDO expression in DCs plays a crucial role in <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2025018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T07:53:02Z","timestamp":1744789982000},"page":"26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of <i>Trichinella spiralis<\/i> excretory-secretory antigens on expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase on dendritic cells <i>in 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