{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:40:25Z","timestamp":1787870425036,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":140,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The red-eared slider, <jats:italic>Trachemys scripta elegans<\/jats:italic> (Wied, 1938), has been introduced worldwide, partly because of the exotic pet trade in the 1980s and 1990s. When <jats:italic>T. s. elegans<\/jats:italic> is released or escapes into natural environments, it often establishes new feral populations due to its tolerance for a variety of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it is now considered one of the most invasive species in the world because it can compete with native turtle species. In the present study, our objectives were to identify the potential for polystome spillover and spillback resulting from the introduction of the red-eared slider into new environments in North America. Fieldwork investigations were thus conducted mainly in aquatic habitats in Florida and North Carolina, United States, but also in Connecticut, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, Nebraska and New York. Using DNA barcoding based on cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences, we surveyed the species diversity of polystome within American freshwater turtles. These included <jats:italic>T. s. elegans<\/jats:italic> but also <jats:italic>Apalone ferox<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Apalone spinifera<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Chelydra serpentina<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Chrysemys picta<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Kinosternon baurii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudemys<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Sternotherus minor<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sternotherus odoratus<\/jats:italic>. Genetic evidence confirmed that invasive populations of <jats:italic>T. s. elegans<\/jats:italic> in southern Europe have transmitted their own polystomes to native host species following spillover effects, and revealed here that <jats:italic>T. s. elegans<\/jats:italic> in non-indigenous habitats in the United States acts as a new reservoir of infection for native polystomes following spillback effects, thus increasing indigenous parasite transmission in the wild. Together, these findings raise further concern about the spread of non-native turtles and their impact on parasite transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2025022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T07:59:30Z","timestamp":1747814370000},"page":"30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Role of <i>Trachemys scripta elegans<\/i> in polystome (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea, Polystomatidae) spillover and spillback following the trade of freshwater turtles in southern Europe and North America"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9815-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Verneau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin G.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"du Preez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.10.013","volume":"121","author":"Badets","year":"2009","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2010.02078.x","volume":"23","author":"Badets","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Burger J. 2009. Red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans), Available at http:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/oldenlab\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/Trachemys-scripta-elegans_Burger.pdf."},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Caballero C, Cerecero EC. 1941. Una nueva especie de Polystoma (Trematoda: Polystomatidae) parasite de la vejiga urinaria de Hyla baudinii (Dum Y. Bibr.). Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma Mexico, 12, 621."},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2022056","volume":"29","author":"Chaabane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.05.003","volume":"23","author":"Chaves","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1976512221","volume":"51","author":"Combes","year":"1976","journal-title":"Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Compar\u00e9e"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.443","volume":"287","author":"Daszak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2012.02041.x","volume":"26","author":"Dunn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Functional Ecology"},{"key":"R10","first-page":"180","volume":"19","author":"Du Preez","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050297","volume":"83","author":"Du Preez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du Preez LH, Landman WJ, Verneau O. 2023. Polystomatid flatworms: State of knowledge and future trends. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-35887-6"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3392.1.3","volume":"3392","author":"Du Preez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06888-w","volume":"119","author":"Du Preez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160173","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0173","volume":"372","author":"Faust","year":"2017","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions B"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2006.01.004","volume":"14","author":"F\u00e8vre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends in Microbiology"},{"key":"R17","first-page":"29","volume":"54","author":"Gonzales","year":"1977","journal-title":"Archives de l\u2019Institut Pasteur de Tunis"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2307\/3628137","volume":"98","author":"Gray","year":"1993","journal-title":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0272","volume":"124","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1086\/649932","volume":"50","author":"Harris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2012.02031.x","volume":"26","author":"Hatcher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Functional Ecology"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-017-1331-y","volume":"26","author":"H\u00e9ritier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biodiversity Conservation"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.03.002","volume":"67","author":"H\u00e9ritier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2008.01.011","volume":"85","author":"Hidalgo-Vila","year":"2008","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.8.754","volume":"17","author":"Huelsenbeck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00065-4","volume":"28","author":"Jackson","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001008745","volume":"123","author":"Jackson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1890\/08-1085.1","volume":"90","author":"Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1987.tb05986.x","volume":"212","author":"Kok","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"R30","first-page":"127","volume":"18","author":"Leidy","year":"1888","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00086-6","volume":"27","author":"Littlewood","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"R32","first-page":"103","volume":"1","author":"MacCallum","year":"1918","journal-title":"Zoopathologica"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72350","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072350","volume":"8","author":"Marin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S253","DOI":"10.1086\/381594","volume":"38","author":"Mermin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3391\/ai.2015.10.1.08","volume":"10","author":"Meyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquatic Invasions"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.2307\/3272275","volume":"24","author":"Paul","year":"1938","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1080\/00222939500770571","volume":"29","author":"Pichelin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Natural History"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0815:HPOTWP]2.0.CO;2","volume":"86","author":"Platt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/14.9.817","volume":"14","author":"Posada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2427.2010.02425.x","volume":"56","author":"Poulin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Freshwater Biology"},{"key":"R41","first-page":"80","volume":"6","author":"Price","year":"1939","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Helminthological Society"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudolphi CA. 1819. Entozoorum synopsis cui accedunt mantissa duplex et indices locupletissimi. Berolini: Sumibus A. R\u00fccker, 811 p.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.9157"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2307\/3270743","volume":"3","author":"Stunkard","year":"1916","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2307\/3221996","volume":"43","author":"Stunkard","year":"1924","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121","volume":"28","author":"Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)62009-X","volume":"62","author":"Tatem","year":"2006","journal-title":"Advances in Parasitology"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00336-8","volume":"32","author":"Tinsley","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.07.006","volume":"42","author":"Tinsley","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"R50","first-page":"329","volume":"5","author":"Van Dijk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chelonian Research Monographs"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011000333","volume":"138","author":"Verneau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680109400306","volume":"94","author":"Warwick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"R53","first-page":"2016085","volume":"372","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions B"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.11.2786-2790.1997","volume":"35","author":"Woodward","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"}],"container-title":["Parasite"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2025022\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T07:59:41Z","timestamp":1747814381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2025022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["parasite240132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2025022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1776-1042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1776-1042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}