{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:04:41Z","timestamp":1790089481916,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":161,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Research and Development","award":["20230204010YY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230204010YY"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. are important zoonotic parasites that can cause moderate to severe diarrhea in humans and animals. However, the epidemiological data of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> in sika deer in China need to be updated. In this study, a total of 466 fecal samples were collected from sika deer in Shandong, Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang provinces. Nested PCR was used to amplify the <jats:italic>SSU<\/jats:italic> rRNA gene to detect <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. The results showed that the overall infection rate of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. was 14.81%, with no significant differences among regions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.05). The highest infection rate was found in Heilongjiang Province (23.60%) and the lowest in Jilin Province (10.71%). The infection rate in summer (23.61%) seemed higher than that in autumn (13.20%), but the difference was not statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.30). Notably, young sika deer showed a significantly higher infection rate (28.21%) compared to adults (10.32%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Sequence analysis identified two <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> species\/genotypes: <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> deer genotype (98.55%) and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium ubiquitum<\/jats:italic> (1.45%). Subtyping revealed that the <jats:italic>C. ubiquitum<\/jats:italic> isolate belonged to the zoonotic XIIa subtype. These findings provide new insights into the prevalence and genetic diversity of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> in sika deer and suggest that sika deer may act as a potential reservoir for zoonotic <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2025029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T07:44:37Z","timestamp":1749627877000},"page":"35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and characterization of <i>Cryptosporidium<\/i> in sika deer from Northern China"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nian-Yu","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Qiu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Di","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang-Rong","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Wei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4717-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0392122","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03921-22","volume":"11","author":"Alderisio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum"},{"issue":"1","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3172-2","volume":"11","author":"Baroudi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04258-7","volume":"20","author":"Bergholm","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09049-x","volume":"24","author":"Bujila","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"11","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9110946","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"2","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19086","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.02.19086-en","volume":"14","author":"Chalmers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"issue":"1","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70772-8","volume":"15","author":"Checkley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J, Wang W, Lin Y, Sun L, Li N, Guo Y, Kvac M, Ryan U, Feng Y, Xiao L. 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