{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:49:31Z","timestamp":1793137771849,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":278,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["101000467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101000467"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Surra is a vector-borne disease, caused by a flagellate protozoan, <jats:italic>Trypanosoma evansi<\/jats:italic>, infecting all domestic mammals, including herbivores and dogs, and, very rarely, humans. In Tunisia, it affects mainly dromedaries (<jats:italic>Camelus dromedarius<\/jats:italic>) in the southern part of the country, causing heavy economic losses due to high morbidity, abortions and mortality. <jats:italic>Trypanosoma evansi<\/jats:italic> is mainly transmitted by mechanical vectors (Stomoxyine flies and tabanids), but also vertically, orally (to carnivores) and iatrogenically. In the present paper, we review and discuss the studies published on surra in Tunisia and show that the antibody seroprevalence in Tunisian dromedaries varies between 22.2% and 37%. The review also highlights the absence of a comprehensive database containing the most relevant information on the occurrence of <jats:italic>T. evansi<\/jats:italic> in Tunisia. We also underscore the urgent need for data collection and analyses. These data should be related to different aspects: epidemiological data (spatial and temporal distribution) and entomological data (main vectors involved in the transmission and their activity dynamics).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2025058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T07:44:13Z","timestamp":1759736653000},"page":"65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Trypanosoma evansi<\/i> infection in Tunisia: current situation"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7074-2021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Gharbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4902-2112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meha","family":"Kamoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1426-4723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9diha","family":"Khamassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2557-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syrine","family":"Rekik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3053-1791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boubaker","family":"Ben Smida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jawhar","family":"Fekih Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chayma","family":"Boubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6413-7298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuliano","family":"Cecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0613-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Gimonneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7665-2422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Desquesnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102450","volume":"86","author":"Asghari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Azzabi N. 1993. Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de la trypanosomose cam\u00e9line en Tunisie. DVM Thesis, \u00c9cole nationale de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Sidi Thabet, Tunisia."},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Cecchi G, de Gier J, Paone M, Zhao W. 2024. The continental atlas of the distribution of tsetse flies in Africa. PAAT Technical and Scientific Series No. 12. Rome: FAO."},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Cherfeddine MA. 1998. La trypanosomiase \u00e0 Trypanosoma evansi chez le dromadaire \u00e0 K\u00e9bili\u00a0: enqu\u00eate s\u00e9rologique et essai de traitement. 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Situation actuelle et perspective de d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019\u00e9levage du dromadaire en Tunisie au cours du VIII\u00e8me plan, in: \u00c9levage et alimentation du dromadaire, Tisserand J.-L., Editor. Options M\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes\u00a0: S\u00e9rie B. \u00c9tudes et Recherches. CIHEAM: Zaragoza. pp. 9\u201317."},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.005","volume":"33","author":"Diall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"R11","first-page":"807","volume":"12","author":"Elandalousi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FAO. 2022. Expert consultation on the sustainable management of parasites in livestock challenged by the global emergence of resistance \u2013 Part 2: African animal trypanosomosis and drug resistance \u2013 a challenge to progressive, sustainable disease control, 9\u201310 November 2021. 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