{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:51:36Z","timestamp":1793371896957,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":327,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114-2320-B-007 -009 -MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114-2320-B-007 -009 -MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. are free-living amoebae found in various water sources, including domestic tap water. These amoebae are known to cause\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    keratitis, a severe corneal infection that can lead to vision loss. Although\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    keratitis is commonly associated with water exposure, the environmental factors that enhance\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    adhesion to corneal epithelial cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of domestic tap water on\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    adhesion and found that exposure to tap water significantly increased the number of adherent trophozoites, potentially enhancing their cytopathic effects on corneal cells. We hypothesized that the calcium ions present in tap water may play a key role in regulating amoebal adhesion. To investigate this further, we analyzed the expression levels of several adhesion-related genes following exposure to different water conditions. Our findings suggest that tap water facilitates\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    attachment and may contribute to disease progression. Understanding the role of calcium and other potential regulatory factors in adhesion may provide new insights into\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    keratitis pathogenesis and aid in the development of preventive strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2025066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T08:48:58Z","timestamp":1763974138000},"page":"71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Calcium ions in tap water may increase the adhesion ability of\n                    <i>Acanthamoeba<\/i>\n                    , potentially enhancing its cytopathic effects on corneal cells"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yu-Jen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Tsung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsun-Hsien","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Science, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hsien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Ming","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5621-488X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-Ming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Science, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua 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