{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T20:32:04Z","timestamp":1770323524586,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"IHU","award":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and Animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT), transmitted by\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, remain major health and economic burdens in Africa. Accurate vector identification is essential for effective control strategies. However, current identification methods of\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina<\/jats:italic>\n                    species based on morphological and\/or molecular techniques have several limitations that often hinder reliable species-level classification. This study assessed matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as an alternative or complementary approach to morphological and molecular methods for\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina<\/jats:italic>\n                    species identification and explored its ability to detect infection status. A total of 265 tsetse flies were collected and morphologically classified into the\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina palpalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0200) and the\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina fuscipes<\/jats:italic>\n                    group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a065), later confirmed by molecular analysis as\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina palpalis palpalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina fuscipes quanzensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Spectra were generated from wings, legs, and thoraxes to identify the most suitable body parts.\n                    <jats:italic>For G. p. palpalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , high-quality spectra were obtained from wings (98.0%), legs (96.5%), and thoraxes (93.5%); for\n                    <jats:italic>G. f. quanzensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , corresponding values were 89.2%, 87.7%, and 72.3%. Blind testing showed that 89.5% of spectra for\n                    <jats:italic>G. p. palpalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 95.2% for\n                    <jats:italic>G. f. quanzensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    matched morphological identification, with 87.0% and 94.6%, respectively, reaching relevant score thresholds. Molecular screening detected\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma congolense<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA in nine specimens, but MALDI-TOF MS spectra could not distinguish infected from uninfected flies. These findings demonstrate that MALDI-TOF MS is a rapid, reliable tool for\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina<\/jats:italic>\n                    species identification, particularly using wings and legs, but is unsuitable for infection status determination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2026007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:52:06Z","timestamp":1770281526000},"page":"5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Glossina<\/i>\n                    from the Republic of the Congo: species identification by MALDI-TOF MS and research of associated micro-organisms"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2524-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina Babakana","family":"Bemba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marien Ngouabi University","place":["Republic of the Congo"]},{"name":"Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les End\u00e9mies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC)","place":["Cameroun"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaina","family":"Amirat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, SSA, RITMES","place":["France"]},{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Parola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, SSA, RITMES","place":["France"]},{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christophe Antonio","family":"Nkondjio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les End\u00e9mies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC)","place":["Cameroun"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arsene","family":"Lenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marien Ngouabi University","place":["Republic of the Congo"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0490-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lionel","family":"Almeras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, SSA, RITMES","place":["France"]},{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection","place":["France"]},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Parasitologie et Entomologie, D\u00e9partement Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5476-9590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adama Zan","family":"Diarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, SSA, RITMES","place":["France"]},{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection","place":["France"]},{"name":"IRD, MINES, Maladies Infectieuses, N\u00e9glig\u00e9es et \u00c9mergentes au 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