{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:21:27Z","timestamp":1792113687056,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":92,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004612","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["433\/2025 PDI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["433\/2025 PDI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This article provides a comprehensive guide for the processing and mounting of phlebotomine sand fly specimens, which is crucial for species identification and pathogen detection and isolation. It discusses a range of techniques suitable for both field and laboratory settings. The guide includes detailed instructions on sand fly collection, handling, covering, and euthanasia (recommending dry freezing or CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    over chemicals) as well as conservation strategies, such as cold storage and preservation in ethanol. The quality of preparation of certain anatomical structures (genital organs, head and wings) is essential for their proper microscopic observation and is described in this work. The article also presents detailed sample processing, including the clearing process with agents such as potassium hydroxide then Marc-Andr\u00e9 solution. The mounting process compares different media, emphasizing their optical properties and preservation potential. Hoyer fluid (also known as chloral gum) is recommended for quick observation, particularly for spermathecae, due to its clarity, although it is not suitable for long-term storage. Other media discussed include polyvinyl alcohol, Euparal\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    (for limited water tolerance), and Canada balsam (a hydrocarbon-soluble medium), with the latter two offering long-term preservation capabilities. Innovative molecular biology approaches such as DNA sequencing and MALDI-ToF, which require particular attention to sample processing, are also addressed. Furthermore, short video clips illustrating various mounting techniques as well as translations in many different languages are provided, allowing the guideline to reach the diverse needs and expectations of the global scientific community.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2026009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T07:48:58Z","timestamp":1775202538000},"page":"18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Processing and mounting phlebotomine sand flies: a consensus guideline"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9654-1850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fano Jos\u00e9","family":"Randrianambinintsoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR ESCAPE-USC ANSES PETARD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6271-1508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laure","family":"Augendre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR ESCAPE-USC ANSES PETARD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3672-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorian","family":"Prudhomme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR ESCAPE-USC ANSES PETARD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Martinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR ESCAPE-USC ANSES PETARD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1443-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Loyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR ESCAPE-USC ANSES PETARD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7733-3346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nalia","family":"Mekarnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR ESCAPE-USC ANSES PETARD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8688-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hocine","family":"Kerkoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR ESCAPE-USC ANSES PETARD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzana Khan","family":"Perveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR ESCAPE-USC ANSES PETARD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1341-9965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Huguenin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR ESCAPE-USC ANSES PETARD","place":["France"]},{"name":"P\u00f4le de Biologie territoriale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0056-4826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Kariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR ESCAPE-USC ANSES PETARD","place":["France"]},{"name":"P\u00f4le de Biologie territoriale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Akhoundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, France; Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, Universit\u00e0 di Corsica, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IRBA)","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6047-3227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey Jos\u00e9","family":"De Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Collection of Basic Pathology, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Berriatua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8537-4508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gioia","family":"Bongiorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Vector-borne Diseases Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge","place":["Cambodia"]},{"name":"Ecology & Emergence of Arthropod-borne Pathogens Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR2000","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Christodoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Veterinary Services (1417), Laboratory for Animal Health Virology","place":["Cyprus"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda Clara","family":"Vieira Da Costa-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insects Vectors and Parasites Laboratory, Department of Basic Pathology and Postgraduate program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9922-9734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Alexandre Farias","family":"De Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insects Vectors and Parasites Laboratory, Department of Basic Pathology and Postgraduate program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6155-2771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huicong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-2940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blaise","family":"Dondji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of the Leishmaniasis Research Project, Mokolo District Hospital, Mokolo, Cameroon; Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5636-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edt","family":"Dvo\u0159\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozge","family":"Erisoz Kasap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VERG Laboratories, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunice Aparecida Bianchi","family":"Galati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (FSP\/USP), P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8143-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"G\u00e1llego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3 de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona, & Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ballart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3 de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona, & Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavroula","family":"Gouzelou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus & Department of Pediatrics, Archbishop Makarios III Hospital","place":["Cyprus"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabil","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut","place":["Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8628-6390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rezki Sabrina","family":"Masse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asrat Hailu","family":"Mekuria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1562-9528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Ivovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska","place":["Slovenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7544-1938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Kaczmarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Banacha 12\/16","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Khadri","family":"Shahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia","place":["Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4765-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar D.","family":"Kirstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Entomology, Ministry of Health","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6875-7056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"Kniha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1830-0813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iva","family":"Kol\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lincoln","family":"Timinao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR) Institute","place":["Papua New Guinea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Lucanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os","place":["Philippines"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6003-0434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ognyan","family":"Mikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimsear","family":"Nov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge","place":["Cambodia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8335-1997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf","family":"\u00d6zbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Pesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retired, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, Strasbourg","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Cristina","family":"Posada Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program for the Study and Control of Tropical Diseases (PECET), Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1098-9891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Didot Budi","family":"Prasetyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR ESCAPE-USC ANSES PETARD","place":["France"]},{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge","place":["Cambodia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nil","family":"Rahola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France & Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar","place":["Madagascar"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8173-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo A.","family":"Rebollar-Tellez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Entomolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Departamento de Zoolog\u00eda de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0957-1710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Leite","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (FSP\/USP), P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2131-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lalita","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical and Infectious Disease Centre, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8896-9160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prasanta","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chizu","family":"Sanjoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Grupo de estudos em Leishmanioses\/Cole\u00e7\u00e3o de Flebotom\u00edneos (COLFLEB\/Fiocruz-MG), Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5114-953X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paloma Helena","family":"Fernandes Shimabukuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de estudos em Leishmanioses\/Cole\u00e7\u00e3o de Flebotom\u00edneos (COLFLEB\/Fiocruz-MG), Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padet","family":"Siriyasatien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Vector Biology and Vector-Borne Disease, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Soszy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Banacha 12\/16","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8287-1461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Sule\u015fco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2893-9725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massamba","family":"Sylla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Vectors & Parasites, Department of Livestock Sciences and Techniques, Sine Saloum University El Hadji Ibrahima Niasse (SSUEIN) Kaffrine Campus, C.P.","place":["Senegal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majhalia","family":"Torno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore & Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1790-1123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Volf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University","place":["Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khamsing","family":"Vongphayloth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur du Laos, Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases","place":["Lao PDR"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0679-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinh Nam","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0750-8467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"April","family":"Wardhana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture Republic Indonesia","place":["Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Yessinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi","place":["Benin"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0499-1262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Zapata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiolog\u00eda, Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ)","place":["Ecuador"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Charles","family":"Gantier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR ESCAPE-USC ANSES PETARD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6995-0088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Depaquit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UR ESCAPE-USC ANSES PETARD","place":["France"]},{"name":"P\u00f4le de Biologie territoriale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040 e1-9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.07.012","volume":"21","author":"Alkan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"issue":"6","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485315000127","volume":"105","author":"Alten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bulletin of Entomological Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.1957","volume":"17","author":"Ayhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bates PA. 1997. Infection of phlebotomine sandflies with Leishmania, in The Molecular Biology of Insect Disease Vectors: A Methods Manual. Springer. p. 112\u2013120.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-1535-0_10"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.006","volume":"143","author":"Baum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"issue":"4","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2004.00514.x","volume":"18","author":"Belen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"key":"R7","first-page":"245","volume":"93","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"1991","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3390\/mps2020036","volume":"2","author":"Caligiuri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods and Protocols"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2017.04.010","volume":"177","author":"Casaril","year":"2017","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"issue":"3","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aspen.2010.04.003","volume":"13","author":"Castalanelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cerqueira NL. 1943. Um novo meio para montagem de pequenos insetos em l\u00e2mina. Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, (39), 37\u201341.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761943000400003"},{"issue":"11","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1111.050869","volume":"11","author":"Charrel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.03.006","volume":"158","author":"Chaskopoulou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"issue":"8","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11963","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011963","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19507","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.10.19507-en","volume":"15","author":"Depaquit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"issue":"2","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2307\/3274299","volume":"40","author":"Diamond","year":"1954","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-07021-5","volume":"18","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.134785","volume":"51","author":"Es-Sette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"R19","first-page":"469","volume":"107","author":"Favret","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galati EAB. 2018. Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae): Classification, morphology and terminology of adults and identification of American taxa, in Brazilian Sand Flies: Biology, Taxonomy, Medical Importance and Control, Rangel EF, Shaw JJ, Editors. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 9\u2013212.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75544-1_2"},{"issue":"1","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06748-5","volume":"18","author":"Galati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2017027","volume":"24","author":"Galati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"4","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0418.2007.01145.x","volume":"131","author":"Gariepy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Entomology"},{"issue":"3","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv236","volume":"53","author":"Giantsis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"issue":"9","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1296","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001296","volume":"5","author":"Gidwani","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e272","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000272","volume":"2","author":"Gilbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12245","volume":"31","author":"Giordani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1139\/gen-2015-0172","volume":"60","author":"Guzm\u00e1n-Larralde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome"},{"issue":"1462","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1727","volume":"360","author":"Hajibabaei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.1054","volume":"77","author":"Haouas","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"9","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007669","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007669","volume":"13","author":"Hlavackova","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.1965","volume":"17","author":"Huemer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0013031","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013031","volume":"19","author":"Jancarova","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esab012","volume":"112","author":"Kapp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Heredity"},{"issue":"(suppl.)","key":"R35","first-page":"321","volume":"33","author":"Killick-Kendrick","year":"1991","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2017041","volume":"24","author":"Lawyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"R37","first-page":"386","volume":"79","author":"L\u00e9ger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Pathologie Exotique"},{"key":"R38","first-page":"514","volume":"79","author":"L\u00e9ger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Pathologie Exotique"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2020.107981","volume":"218","author":"Leonel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"issue":"7","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005600","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005600","volume":"11","author":"Lestinova","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6753","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6753","volume":"7","author":"Lienhard","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2025.107523","volume":"262","author":"Lozano-Sardaneta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"issue":"2","key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/09647770802012375","volume":"23","author":"Mandrioli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Museum Management and Curatorship"},{"issue":"2","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01034.x","volume":"27","author":"Maroli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10799","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10799","volume":"9","author":"Marquina","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0878-2","volume":"8","author":"Mathis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2024.100554","volume":"25","author":"Mekarnia","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology \u2013 Drugs and Drug Resistance"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milligan BG. 1998. Total DNA isolation, in Molecular Genetic Analysis of Population: A Practical Approach, Hoelzel AR, Editor. Oxford: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199636341.003.0002"},{"key":"R49","unstructured":"Molina R, Jim\u00e9nez M, Alvar J, Gonz\u00e1lez E, Hern\u00e1ndez-Taberna S, Ines MM. 2017. Methods in sand fly research. Madrid: Servicio de publicaciones Universidad de Alcala de Henaresp."},{"issue":"5550","key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067179","volume":"294","author":"Murphy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04311-y","volume":"13","author":"Nacif-Pimenta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4322.1.1","volume":"4322","author":"Neuhaus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"R53","unstructured":"New TR. 1974. Pscoptera. Handbooks for Identification of British Insects (Vol. I). London: Royal Entomological Society of London. 102 pp."},{"issue":"4","key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.05.003","volume":"39","author":"Perez-Ruiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.2839.x","volume":"10","author":"Porco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology Resources"},{"issue":"1","key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1872-z","volume":"9","author":"Prudhomme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2012.00210.x","volume":"37","author":"Prudhomme","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Vector Ecology"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.10.016","volume":"142","author":"Prudhomme","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2019053","volume":"26","author":"Prudhomme","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"R60","unstructured":"Rawlins DJ. 1992. Light Microscopy: An Introduction to Biotechniques. Oxford: Bios Scientific publishers. 143 pp."},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120811-153557","volume":"58","author":"Ready","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Entomology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.2307\/2992207","volume":"39","author":"Rohlf","year":"1990","journal-title":"Systematic Zoology"},{"issue":"6","key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2007.01905.x","volume":"7","author":"Rowley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology Notes"},{"issue":"2","key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13153","volume":"51","author":"S\u00e1bio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"issue":"5","key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19851","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019851","volume":"6","author":"Sadlova","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04270-4","volume":"13","author":"Sales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0840-3","volume":"8","author":"Sales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.06.003","volume":"107","author":"Sant\u2019Anna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"issue":"2","key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12567","volume":"36","author":"Senne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2025039","volume":"32","author":"Shaw","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"3","key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1983.32.621","volume":"32","author":"Tesh","year":"1983","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"4","key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5048","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005048","volume":"4","author":"Thomsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2144\/00291bm09","volume":"29","author":"Truett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"issue":"2","key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300034763","volume":"83","author":"Upton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bulletin of Entomological Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.12.010","volume":"23","author":"Volf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R76","first-page":"421","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology"},{"issue":"11","key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01108-x","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnology"}],"container-title":["Parasite"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2026009\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T07:49:07Z","timestamp":1775202547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2026009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["parasite250147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2026009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1776-1042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1776-1042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}