{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:29:41Z","timestamp":1790627381035,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":90,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2300800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300800"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2300801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300801"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Guangdong Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023A1515010955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Guangdong Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025A1515012017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025A1515012017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Clonorchis sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a common food-borne liver fluke in East Asia, is a Group 1 carcinogen strongly linked to cholangiocarcinoma. In recent years, molecular biology and multi-omics studies have revealed that this parasite drives chronic inflammation of the bile duct epithelium, epigenetic abnormalities, and the formation of precancerous lesions. Concurrently, circulating miRNAs, DNA methylation patterns, differential protein expression, metabolite profiles, and parasite-specific antigens have been proposed as potential early molecular biomarkers, which offers new avenues for the non-invasive detection of precancerous conditions. However, current research mainly remains at the laboratory stage and studies have small-scale cohorts, lacking multi-center, large-sample prospective validation and standardized detection protocols, which limits their clinical applicability. Furthermore, traditional imaging and histological methods exhibit limited sensitivity for early identification. This review aims to systematically summarize the molecular carcinogenic mechanisms associated with\n                    <jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, recent advances in molecular biomarker research, and strategies for identifying precancerous lesions. It will particularly focus on discussing the major obstacles in clinical translation and future directions, with the goal of providing insights for early screening and prevention strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2026011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T07:54:49Z","timestamp":1775030089000},"page":"16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Clonorchis sinensis<\/i>\n                    and cholangiocarcinoma: molecular mechanisms and biomarker advances"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Chenlin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Basic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinjuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoxun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linya","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5518-1617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuerong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10071017","volume":"10","author":"Ahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27707","volume":"61","author":"Andresen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2021.05.005","volume":"24","author":"Angsuwatcharakon","year":"2022","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17592","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203249","volume":"13","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3921","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14163921","volume":"14","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"R6","first-page":"132","volume":"2","author":"Braicu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Research"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.01.027","volume":"78","author":"Cadamuro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2024.101951","volume":"73","author":"Capuozzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Probes"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2013.45.1.32","volume":"45","author":"Chai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infection & Chemotherapy"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e510","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf466","volume":"233","author":"Chaiyadet","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1248-9","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105650","volume":"214","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008998","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008998","volume":"14","author":"Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05694-4","volume":"16","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163699","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163699","volume":"11","author":"Correa-Gallego","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.07.011","volume":"61","author":"Daorueang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300060520987771","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520987771","volume":"49","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of International Medical Research"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9321","volume":"356","author":"Gootenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05765-6","volume":"16","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0010429","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010429","volume":"16","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.1998.36.4.249","volume":"36","author":"Hong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008152","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008152","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54732","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054732","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2133","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"key":"R25","unstructured":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 2012. Biological agents. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer."},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10060869","volume":"10","author":"Jeong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4092","DOI":"10.1021\/pr900468k","volume":"8","author":"Kawase","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Proteome Research"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2025.40.e145","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Medical Science"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.03.042","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06677-3","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2016.49.11.109","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMB Reports"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13760","volume":"23","author":"Kinkar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology Resources"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781768","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.781768","volume":"9","author":"Koda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06277-11","volume":"50","author":"Le","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.11.062","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl13292","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut and Liver"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049812","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1049812","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.193125","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23956","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23956","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0012107","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012107","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14090","volume":"39","author":"Macias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.05.014","volume":"65","author":"Matchimakul","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13182933","volume":"13","author":"Mauro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-024-03076-3","volume":"43","author":"Metcalf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27742","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79387-y","volume":"14","author":"Min","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X14564674","volume":"8","author":"Nanda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.09.017","volume":"81","author":"Navaneethan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2017.03.002","volume":"214","author":"Pak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22368","volume":"108","author":"Pak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2016.10.004","volume":"47","author":"Pak","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0012545","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012545","volume":"18","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2019.011","volume":"52","author":"Parsa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Endoscopy"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14041026","volume":"14","author":"Pavicevic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa516","volume":"223","author":"Phumrattanaprapin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2021.07.005","volume":"95","author":"Prachayakul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl17102","volume":"12","author":"Prueksapanich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut and Liver"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106528","volume":"91","author":"Qian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0000923","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00009-23","volume":"37","author":"Qian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-021-00917-1","volume":"10","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05290-y","volume":"15","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2011.04.034","volume":"74","author":"Ramchandani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13133222","volume":"13","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14131316","volume":"14","author":"Sacco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23397","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23397","volume":"34","author":"Salem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01624.x","volume":"28","author":"Sandhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7627","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147627","volume":"22","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.68","volume":"21","author":"Silsirivanit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2024.10.012","volume":"40","author":"Smout","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.10.009","volume":"91","author":"So","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.07.006","volume":"28","author":"Sripa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2757-0","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-10316-0","volume":"104","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-016-0166-1","volume":"5","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty"},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2020.100143","volume":"2","author":"Vedeld","year":"2020","journal-title":"JHEP Reports"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734750","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.734750","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316204","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5932","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3465","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R107","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-10-r107","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3972-z","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2022.104555","volume":"139","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology"},{"key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10350","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910350","volume":"25","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10090666","volume":"10","author":"Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007818","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007818","volume":"15","author":"Won","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e110705","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110705","volume":"9","author":"Won","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-1168","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discovery"},{"key":"R86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3046","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003046","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"R87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.06.009","volume":"43","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"key":"R88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1171-0","volume":"8","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1730","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology Communications"},{"key":"R90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e719","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000719","volume":"4","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"R91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2021.03.001","volume":"113","author":"Young","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"R92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.105954","volume":"220","author":"Zaparina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"R93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0013080","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013080","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"}],"container-title":["Parasite"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2026011\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T18:46:12Z","timestamp":1776969972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2026011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["parasite250132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2026011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1776-1042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1776-1042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}