{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T09:57:38Z","timestamp":1773395858759,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":71,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005621","name":"Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FF(KU) 52.69"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF(KU) 52.69"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N42A670406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A670406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Thailand Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation","award":["B17F640002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B17F640002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Entomological parameters such as mosquito biting rates often fail to capture variability in human behavior, thereby limiting its accuracy for assessing the population-level malaria risk. This study investigated the use of previously described\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    -based anti-salivary biomarker, anti-gSG6-P1, as a serological marker for\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure, and examined key entomological, human, and environmental risk factors in Sisaket Province, Thailand. Blood samples were collected via finger prick from the same set of 184 participants across three seasons: rainy (August 2022), cool-dry (December 2022), and hot-dry (April 2023). Anti-gSG6-P1 IgG levels were quantified using ELISA. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data revealed that seasonality exerted the strongest influence on anti-gSG6-P1 IgG levels, which was likely driven by human activities, particularly the frequency of rubber tapping activity in the areas where\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles dirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is present. A higher frequency of rubber plot entry (5\u20137 days\/week) significantly increased anti-gSG6-P1 IgG responses (1.08\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.36) compared with the lower frequency group (0\u20134 days\/week) (0.96\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.35). Furthermore, our findings revealed the complex interplay between anti-gSG6-P1 IgG levels and the seasonality of human behavioral and vector dynamics. These factors highlight key limitations of the anti-gSG6-P1 IgG biomarker in the Greater Mekong Subregion, particularly the lack of well-characterized anti-gSG6-P1 IgG serological response kinetics in regions where predominant vector species exhibit low salivary peptide homology to\n                    <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings emphasize the need for new serological tools tailored to malaria vector species present in the Subregion to improve malaria risk assessment and strengthen vector control strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2026012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T08:53:36Z","timestamp":1773392016000},"page":"11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunological surveillance using anti-gSG6-P1 IgG biomarker reveals spatio-temporal dynamics of\n                    <i>Anopheles<\/i>\n                    exposure and gaps in malaria risk assessment in the Greater Mekong Subregion"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3630-5477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manop","family":"Saeung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University","place":["Thailand"]},{"name":"HSM, 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