{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T11:07:07Z","timestamp":1774350427055,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":81,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-CE35-6032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-CE35-6032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Host genetic factors influence the severity of infectious diseases, including schistosomiasis, which are major public-health burdens in Africa. While the role of host genetic background in\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection has been clearly established, this link remains poorly explored for\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections (\n                    <jats:italic>Sh<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between genetic background and morbidity associated with urogenital schistosomiasis using a candidate gene approach. We analyzed urine samples from 334 Beninese men, measuring urinary eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) by ELISA as a marker for bladder inflammation. Abdominopelvic ultrasonography was performed in a subgroup of 146 participants (69\n                    <jats:italic>Sh<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive and 77\n                    <jats:italic>Sh<\/jats:italic>\n                    -negative) to assess morbidities associated with\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Blood samples were analyzed for TNF-\u03b1 levels by ELISA and for TNF-\u03b1 promoter polymorphisms by sequencing to assess associations between genetic variation and morbidity. Results showed that 25.4% of\n                    <jats:italic>Sh<\/jats:italic>\n                    + had significantly higher mean\n                    <jats:italic>TNF-\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (U\u00a0=\u00a05888;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.0098) and ECP (U\u00a0=\u00a0912.5;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) levels than\n                    <jats:italic>Sh<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2212. Positive correlations were observed between egg count and both ECP (Tau\u00a0=\u00a00.4016;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and\n                    <jats:italic>TNF-\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    levels (Tau\u00a0=\u00a00.2238;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.014). Morbidity mainly included bladder irregularities (6%), thickening (29%), and kidney dilation (6%). The G mutant allele on the rs3093660 marker was significantly associated with morbidity (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a04.47;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.034; OR\u00a0=\u00a05.09 [95% CI: 1.04\u201324.9]). Our results suggest, for the first time, that carriers of the G mutant allele at rs3093660 marker have a five-fold increased risk of developing severe urogenital schistosomiasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2026013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T08:57:19Z","timestamp":1774342639000},"page":"14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Host genetic background influences the severity of disease in\n                    <i>Schistosoma haematobium<\/i>\n                    infections"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3536-160X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris S\u00e8gnito A.E.","family":"Savassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IHPE, Universit\u00e9 de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, IFREMER, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre de Recherche pour la Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses 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