{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T12:41:33Z","timestamp":1776429693210,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":106,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25K10336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K10336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Zoonotic onchocerciasis is a rare human infection caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Onchocerca<\/jats:italic>\n                    species that normally parasitize non-human mammals. In Japan, all previously reported human cases have been attributed to\n                    <jats:italic>Onchocerca japonica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and have presented as localized, non-migratory subcutaneous nodules. Here, we report the first human infection caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Onchocerca takaokai<\/jats:italic>\n                    Uni\n                    <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 2015. A 24-year-old male presented with linear migratory erythema on the forearm, clinically consistent with creeping eruption. Histopathological examination revealed an adult female filarial nematode with polymyarian-coelomyarian musculature, without internal cuticular ridges in the lateral cords, and lacking transverse ridges on the cuticle. Molecular analyses of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) genes confirmed that the parasite was\n                    <jats:italic>O. takaokai<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a parasite of wild boars in Japan. This case demonstrates a clinical presentation distinct from that of\n                    <jats:italic>O. japonica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and suggests that\n                    <jats:italic>O. takaokai<\/jats:italic>\n                    should be considered in the differential diagnosis of creeping eruption in endemic areas.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2026023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T07:50:41Z","timestamp":1776412241000},"page":"23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First human infection with\n                    <i>Onchocerca takaokai<\/i>\n                    (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) presenting as creeping eruption in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Eri","family":"Ikenaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Hospital","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Sasebo City General Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Nagayasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Murota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kuwatsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Akahane H. 2003. Gnathostomiasis (1) Gnathostoma spinigerum and G. doloresi, in Progress of Medical Parasitology in Japan, Otsuru M, Kamegai S, Hayashi S, Editors. Meguro Parasitological Museum: Tokyo, Japan. p. 485\u2013505."},{"issue":"1 Suppl 2","key":"R2","first-page":"65","volume":"39","author":"Akao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Health"},{"key":"R3","first-page":"46","volume":"41","author":"Ando","year":"1992","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Parasitology"},{"issue":"9","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090761","volume":"9","author":"Cambra-Pelleja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"3","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(72)90069-0","volume":"32","author":"Chitwood","year":"1972","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2010171039","volume":"17","author":"Fukuda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2019.101943","volume":"72","author":"Fukuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gutierrez Y. 2000. Cutaneous larva migrans, in Diagnostic Pathology of Parasitic Infections with Clinical Correlations, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press: New York. p. 343\u2013353.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195121438.003.0014"},{"key":"R9","unstructured":"Hasegawa H. 2003. Larval spirurin infections, in Progress of Medical Parasitology in Japan, Otsuru M, Kamegai S, Hayashi S, Editors. Meguro Parasitological Museum: Tokyo, Japan. p. 519\u2013528."},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102643","volume":"91","author":"Okazaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"issue":"2","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.366","volume":"11","author":"Orihel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-41","volume":"4","author":"Otranto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2015002","volume":"22","author":"Suzuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"2","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.7601\/mez.66.23","volume":"66","author":"Takaoka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medical Entomology and Zoology"},{"issue":"3","key":"R15","first-page":"261","volume":"8","author":"Takaoka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Japan. Parasite"},{"issue":"7","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"issue":"11","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01590-12","volume":"50","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2001083215","volume":"8","author":"Uni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"6","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2015.07.001","volume":"64","author":"Uni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102313","volume":"83","author":"Uni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"issue":"4","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1994014349","volume":"1","author":"Yagi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"R22","first-page":"26","volume":"45","author":"Yamada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine and Health"}],"container-title":["Parasite"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2026023\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:46:03Z","timestamp":1776426363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.parasite-journal.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2026023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["parasite260012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2026023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1776-1042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1776-1042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}