{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:33:35Z","timestamp":1777671215806,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":118,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award":["24K12316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K12316"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SICOT-J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>\n                    : This pilot study investigated the effects of ovariectomy-induced estrogen deficiency on the biomechanical properties of intact anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs) in a porcine model, a biological condition that may influence ligament integrity and injury susceptibility.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    : A bilateral ovariectomy model was used to induce systemic estrogen deficiency. Fourteen two-month-old female pigs were included. Four pigs (8 knees) underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OV group). The left knees of 10 pigs that underwent laparotomy without ovariectomy for a separate study were analyzed as controls (C group). At 12 weeks, knee joints were examined macroscopically, followed by biomechanical testing consisting of cyclic anterior drawer loading and load-to-failure.\n                    <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    All ACLs were intact without arthrofibrosis or cartilage degeneration. During cyclic testing, anterior tibial translation was significantly lower in the OV group compared with controls (0.47 \u00b1 0.14 mm vs. 0.82 \u00b1 0.32 mm,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.017). Failure mode differed between groups: all posterolateral bundles in controls avulsed at their insertions, whereas six of eight in the OV group ruptured in the midsubstance (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0070). No significant between-group differences were observed in yield load, maximum load, stiffness, or elongation at failure.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Ovariectomy-induced estrogen deficiency altered ACL failure characteristics and reduced translation without affecting ultimate strength. These findings suggest that ovarian hormone deficiency compromises ligament quality, providing a potential mechanism for increased ACL injury risk in young female athletes. These findings should be interpreted as pilot, hypothesis-generating data.\n                    <jats:italic>Level of Evidence<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Experimental laboratory study.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/sicotj\/2026017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:59:27Z","timestamp":1777449567000},"page":"22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pilot study: Effects of ovariectomy-induced estrogen deficiency on the biomechanical and structural properties of the intact anterior cruciate ligament in a porcine model"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3026-2119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hibiki","family":"Kakiage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma 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