{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T04:13:00Z","timestamp":1749701580472,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]],"date-time":"2017-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.edpsciences.org\/en\/authors\/copyright-and-licensing"}],"funder":[{"name":"OPTICON","award":["312430, WP1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312430, WP1"]}]},{"name":"AMIDEX","award":["ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["A&amp;A"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Context.<\/jats:italic>C<jats:sc>anary<\/jats:sc>is the multi-object adaptive optics (MOAO) on-sky pathfinder developed in the perspective of multi-object spectrograph on extremely large telescopes (ELTs). In 2013, C<jats:sc>anary<\/jats:sc>was operated on-sky at the<jats:italic>William Herschel<\/jats:italic>telescope (WHT), using three off-axis natural guide stars (NGS) and four off-axis Rayleigh laser guide stars (LGS), in open-loop, with the on-axis compensated turbulence observed with a<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>-band imaging camera and a Truth wave-front sensor (TS) for diagnostic purposes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Aims.<\/jats:italic>Our purpose is to establish a reliable and accurate wave-front error breakdown for LGS MOAO. This will enable a comprehensive analysis of C<jats:sc>anary<\/jats:sc>on-sky results and provide tools for validating simulations of MOAO systems for ELTs.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>To evaluate the MOAO performance, we compared the C<jats:sc>anary<\/jats:sc>on-sky results running in MOAO, in single conjugated adaptive optics (SCAO) and in ground layer adaptive optics (GLAO) modes, over a large set of data acquired in 2013. We provide a statistical study of the seeing. We also evaluated the wave-front error breakdown from both analytic computations, one based on a MOAO system modelling and the other on the measurements from the C<jats:sc>anary<\/jats:sc>TS. We have focussed especially on the tomographic error and we detail its vertical error decomposition.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>We show that C<jats:sc>anary<\/jats:sc>obtained 30.1%, 21.4% and 17.1%<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>-band Strehl ratios in SCAO, MOAO and GLAO respectively, for median seeing conditions with 0.66\u2032\u2032 of total seeing including 0.59\u2032\u2032 at the ground. Moreover, we get 99% of correlation over 4500 samples, for any AO modes, between two analytic computations of residual phase variance. Based on these variances, we obtain a reasonable Strehl-ratio (SR) estimation when compared to the measured IR image SR. We evaluate the gain in compensation for the altitude turbulence brought by MOAO when compared to GLAO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201629271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T06:31:15Z","timestamp":1476772275000},"page":"A37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Wave-front error breakdown in laser guide star multi-object adaptive optics validated on-sky by Canary"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"598","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3465-6935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O. A.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"\u00c9.","family":"Gendron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Rousset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gratadour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T. 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