{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T04:45:37Z","timestamp":1766637937864},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT, Portugal and COMPETE 2020","award":["CFisUC strategic project (UID\/FIS\/04564\/2019)","ENGAGE SKA (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022217)","PHOBOS (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029932)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CFisUC strategic project (UID\/FIS\/04564\/2019)","ENGAGE SKA (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022217)","PHOBOS (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029932)"]}]},{"name":"ERC","award":["Project Four Aces; grant agreement No 724427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project Four Aces; grant agreement No 724427"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["A&amp;A"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Aims.<\/jats:italic> We present the obliquity measurement, that is, the angle between the normal angle of the orbital plane and the stellar spin axis, of the sub-Neptune planet HD 3167 c, which transits a bright nearby K0 star. We study the orbital architecture of this multi-planet system to understand its dynamical history. We also place constraints on the obliquity of planet d based on the geometry of the planetary system and the dynamical study of the system.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> New observations obtained with HARPS-N at the Telescopio Nazionale <jats:italic>Galileo<\/jats:italic> (TNG) were employed for our analysis. The sky-projected obliquity was measured using three different methods: the Rossiter-McLaughlin anomaly, Doppler tomography, and reloaded Rossiter-McLaughlin techniques. We performed the stability analysis of the system and investigated the dynamical interactions between the planets and the star.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> HD 3167 c is found to be nearly polar with sky-projected obliquity, <jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic> = \u221297\u00b0\u00b1 23\u00b0. This misalignment of the orbit of planet c with the spin axis of the host star is detected with 97% confidence. The analysis of the dynamics of this system yields coplanar orbits of planets c and d. It also shows that it is unlikely that the currently observed system can generate this high obliquity for planets c and d by itself. However, the polar orbits of planets c and d could be explained by the presence of an outer companion in the system. Follow-up observations of the system are required to confirm such a long-period companion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201935944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T18:47:51Z","timestamp":1569350871000},"page":"A28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Nearly polar orbit of the sub-Neptune HD 3167 c"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"631","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Dalal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"H\u00e9brard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lecavelier des \u00c9tangs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. C.","family":"Petit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Bourrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Laskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.-C.","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. C. 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