{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T18:54:59Z","timestamp":1776452099756,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["A&A"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"Context.<\/jats:italic> The known mega metal-poor (MMP) and hyper metal-poor (HMP) stars, with [Fe\/H] < \u22126.0 and < \u22125.0, respectively, likely belong to the CEMP-no class, namely, carbon-enhanced stars with little or no second peak neutron-capture elements. They are likely second-generation stars, and the few elements measurable in their atmospheres are used to infer the properties of a single or very few progenitors.<\/jats:p>\nAims.<\/jats:italic> The high carbon abundance in the CEMP-no stars offers a unique opportunity to measure the carbon isotopic ratio, which directly indicates the presence of mixing between the He- and H-burning layers either within the star or in the progenitor(s). By means of high-resolution spectra acquired with the ESPRESSO spectrograph at the VLT, we aim to derive values for the 12<\/jats:sup>C\/13<\/jats:sup>C ratio at the lowest metallicities.<\/jats:p>\nMethods.<\/jats:italic> We used a spectral synthesis technique based on the SYNTHE code and on ATLAS models within a Markov chain Monte Carlo methodology to derive 12<\/jats:sup>C\/13<\/jats:sup>C in the stellar atmospheres of four of the most metal-poor stars known: the MMP giant SMSS J0313\u20136708 ([Fe\/H] < \u22127.1), the HMP dwarf HE 1327\u20132326 ([Fe\/H] = \u22125.8), the HMP giant SDSS J1313\u20130019 ([Fe\/H] = \u22125.0), and the ultra metal-poor subgiant HE0233 -0343 ([Fe\/H] = \u22124.7). We also revised a previous value for the MMP giant SMSS J1605\u20131443 ([Fe\/H] = \u22126.2).<\/jats:p>\nResults.<\/jats:italic> In four stars we derive an isotopic value while for HE 1327\u20132326 we provide a lower limit. All measurements are in the range 39 < 12<\/jats:sup>C\/13<\/jats:sup>C < 100, showing that the He- and H-burning layers underwent partial mixing either in the stars or, more likely, in their progenitors. This provides evidence of a primary production of 13<\/jats:sup>C at the dawn of chemical evolution. CEMP-no dwarf stars with slightly higher metallicities show lower isotopic values, <30 and even approaching the CNO cycle equilibrium value. Thus, extant data suggest the presence of a discontinuity in the 12<\/jats:sup>C\/13<\/jats:sup>C ratio at around [Fe\/H] \u2248 \u2212 4, which could mark a real difference between the progenitor pollution captured by stars with different metallicities. We also note that some MMP and HMP stars with high 12<\/jats:sup>C\/13<\/jats:sup>C show low 7<\/jats:sup>Li values, providing an indication that mixing in the CEMP-no progenitors is not responsible for the observed Li depletion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202347676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T07:59:28Z","timestamp":1695801568000},"page":"A72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The 12<\/sup>C\/13<\/sup>C isotopic ratio at the dawn of chemical evolution"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"679","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Molaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. S.","family":"Aguado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Caffau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Allende Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bonifacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. I.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Rebolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Zapatero Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cristiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Pepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N. C.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Alibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Cupani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Di Marcantonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"D\u2019Odorico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lovis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. J. A. P.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Milakovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. T.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N. J.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T. M.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sozzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Su\u00e1rez Mascare\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A9","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201731320","volume":"604","author":"Aguado","year":"2017","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L20","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/aaa23a","volume":"852","author":"Aguado","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L21","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ab1076","volume":"874","author":"Aguado","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A86","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202244627","volume":"668","author":"Aguado","year":"2022","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L4","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202245392","volume":"669","author":"Aguado","year":"2023","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A34","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201015615","volume":"548","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1086\/498131","volume":"636","author":"Allende Prieto","year":"2006","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A98","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201525904","volume":"579","author":"Allende Prieto","year":"2015","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/asna.202113867","volume":"342","author":"Almusleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Astron. Nachr."},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1086\/338756","volume":"567","author":"Aoki","year":"2002","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1086\/420686","volume":"608","author":"Aoki","year":"2004","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1086\/497906","volume":"639","author":"Aoki","year":"2006","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A141","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202140445","volume":"653","author":"Asplund","year":"2021","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/765\/1\/46","volume":"765","author":"Ayres","year":"2013","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.astro.42.053102.134057","volume":"43","author":"Beers","year":"2005","journal-title":"ARA & A"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1086\/113917","volume":"90","author":"Beers","year":"1985","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1086\/509324","volume":"168","author":"Beers","year":"2007","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1086\/162539","volume":"285","author":"Bessell","year":"1984","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R19","first-page":"672","volume":"332","author":"Bonifacio","year":"1998","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A28","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201425266","volume":"579","author":"Bonifacio","year":"2015","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A65","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201732320","volume":"612","author":"Bonifacio","year":"2018","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa2917","volume":"499","author":"Botelho","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02071","volume":"425","author":"Bromm","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A51","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201118744","volume":"542","author":"Caffau","year":"2016","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A71","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201322488","volume":"560","author":"Caffau","year":"2013","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L6","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201629776","volume":"595","author":"Caffau","year":"2016","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/744\/2\/195","volume":"744","author":"Carollo","year":"2012","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1086\/145451","volume":"114","author":"Chamberlain","year":"1951","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L9","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20078698","volume":"479","author":"Chiappini","year":"2008","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1086\/381237","volume":"603","author":"Christlieb","year":"2004","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L3","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/aaf9b6","volume":"871","author":"Crossfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1086\/153836","volume":"200","author":"Dearborn","year":"1975","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-4527\/12\/7\/003","volume":"12","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab9d1a","volume":"898","author":"Ezzeddine","year":"2020","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-astro-082214-122423","volume":"53","author":"Frebel","year":"2015","journal-title":"ARA & A"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03455","volume":"434","author":"Frebel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1086\/590327","volume":"684","author":"Frebel","year":"2008","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L27","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/810\/2\/L27","volume":"810","author":"Frebel","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aae848","volume":"871","author":"Frebel","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stv2723","volume":"456","author":"Frischknecht","year":"2016","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3256","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stv1384","volume":"452","author":"Fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"014036","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-8949\/2008\/T133\/014036","volume":"133","author":"Garc\u00eda P\u00e9rez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Scrip."},{"key":"R43","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez Hern\u00e1ndez J. I., Aguado D. S., Allende Prieto C., Burgasser A. J., & Rebolo R. 2020, in XIV.0 Scientific Meeting (virtual) of the Spanish Astronomical Society, 142"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1086\/378978","volume":"598","author":"Goto","year":"2003","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aa816b","volume":"845","author":"Halfen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/787\/2\/162","volume":"787","author":"Hansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/807\/2\/173","volume":"807","author":"Hansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A37","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201526895","volume":"588","author":"Hansen","year":"2016","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R49","first-page":"58","volume":"91","author":"Heger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital."},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0370-1573(84)90142-X","volume":"105","author":"Iben","year":"1984","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L32","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/792\/2\/L32","volume":"792","author":"Ishigaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1086\/305244","volume":"494","author":"Jos\u00e9","year":"1998","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1071\/AS07001","volume":"24","author":"Keller","year":"2007","journal-title":"PASA"},{"key":"R54","first-page":"409","volume":"458","author":"Keller","year":"2012","journal-title":"ASP Conf. Ser."},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12990","volume":"506","author":"Keller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/abae65","volume":"900","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab8e44","volume":"895","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R58","first-page":"14","volume":"8","author":"Kurucz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital."},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1086\/155393","volume":"215","author":"Lambert","year":"1977","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1088\/0067-0049\/199\/2\/38","volume":"199","author":"Limongi","year":"2012","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/aacb24","volume":"237","author":"Limongi","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L123","DOI":"10.1086\/378734","volume":"594","author":"Limongi","year":"2003","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A56","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201424153","volume":"576","author":"Maeder","year":"2015","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A93","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/200911744","volume":"509","author":"Masseron","year":"2010","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/751\/1\/14","volume":"751","author":"Masseron","year":"2012","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A47","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201423956","volume":"571","author":"Masseron","year":"2014","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psw129","volume":"69","author":"Matsuno","year":"2017","journal-title":"PASJ"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20053070","volume":"447","author":"Meynet","year":"2006","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R69","first-page":"221","volume":"304","author":"Molaro","year":"2003","journal-title":"ASP Conf. Ser."},{"key":"R70","first-page":"L5","volume":"236","author":"Molaro","year":"1990","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R71","first-page":"426","volume":"228","author":"Molaro","year":"1990","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R72","unstructured":"Molaro P., Centuri\u00f3n M., D\u2019Odorico V., & P\u00e9roux C. 2004, in Origin and Evolution of the Elements, eds. McWilliam A., & Rauch M. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 39"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A153","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202142889","volume":"661","author":"Mucciarelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-astro-082812-140956","volume":"51","author":"Nomoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"ARA & A"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A6","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201629202","volume":"597","author":"Nordlander","year":"2017","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L109","DOI":"10.1093\/mnrasl\/slz109","volume":"488","author":"Nordlander","year":"2019","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L169","DOI":"10.1086\/316787","volume":"489","author":"Norris","year":"1997","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/762\/1\/25","volume":"762","author":"Norris","year":"2013","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/762\/1\/28","volume":"762","author":"Norris","year":"2013","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5699","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stad912","volume":"521","author":"Pagnini","year":"2023","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R81","first-page":"6","volume":"153","author":"Pepe","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Messenger"},{"key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A96","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202038306","volume":"645","author":"Pepe","year":"2021","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20042082","volume":"434","author":"Plez","year":"2005","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/ac5323","volume":"259","author":"Rockosi","year":"2022","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"R85","first-page":"7","volume":"30","author":"Romano","year":"2022","journal-title":"A & ARv"},{"key":"R86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-8711.2003.06526.x","volume":"342","author":"Romano","year":"2003","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R87","first-page":"61","volume":"8","author":"Sbordone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital."},{"key":"R88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A26","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/200913282","volume":"522","author":"Sbordone","year":"2010","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20065440","volume":"459","author":"Sivarani","year":"2006","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20065209","volume":"455","author":"Spite","year":"2006","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A107","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201220989","volume":"552","author":"Spite","year":"2013","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A97","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202141741","volume":"652","author":"Spite","year":"2021","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stu623","volume":"441","author":"Starkenburg","year":"2014","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stx1068","volume":"471","author":"Starkenburg","year":"2017","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1086\/151619","volume":"176","author":"Starrfield","year":"1972","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psz048","volume":"71","author":"Takeda","year":"2019","journal-title":"PASJ"},{"key":"R97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1086\/513063","volume":"660","author":"Tominaga","year":"2007","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/785\/2\/98","volume":"785","author":"Tominaga","year":"2014","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01571","volume":"422","author":"Umeda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1086\/426097","volume":"619","author":"Umeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R101","first-page":"273:290","volume":"10","author":"Vrug","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simulation"},{"key":"R102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A98","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202244584","volume":"670","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"A & A"},{"key":"R103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4377","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-6256\/137\/5\/4377","volume":"137","author":"Yanny","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"R104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1086\/301513","volume":"120","author":"York","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"R105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stu1473","volume":"444","author":"Zafar","year":"2014","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/acbbcc","volume":"947","author":"Zepeda","year":"2023","journal-title":"ApJ"}],"container-title":["Astronomy & Astrophysics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aanda.org\/10.1051\/0004-6361\/202347676\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T08:59:04Z","timestamp":1699520344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aanda.org\/10.1051\/0004-6361\/202347676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["aa47676-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/0004-6361\/202347676","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-6361","1432-0746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-6361","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}}}