{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T08:00:14Z","timestamp":1775116814530,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["A&amp;A"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>By using the GRAVITY instrument with the near-infrared (NIR) Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), the structure of the broad (emission-)line region (BLR) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be spatially resolved, allowing the central black hole (BH) mass to be determined. This work reports new NIR VLTI\/GRAVITY interferometric spectra for four type 1 AGNs (Mrk 509, PDS 456, Mrk 1239, and IC 4329A) with resolved broad-line emission. Dynamical modelling of interferometric data constrains the BLR radius and central BH mass measurements for our targets and reveals outflow-dominated BLRs for Mrk 509 and PDS 456. We present an updated radius-luminosity (R-L) relation independent of that derived with reverberation mapping (RM) measurements using all the GRAVITY-observed AGNs. We find our R-L relation to be largely consistent with that derived from RM measurements except at high luminosity, where BLR radii seem to be smaller than predicted. This is consistent with RM-based claims that high Eddington ratio AGNs show consistently smaller BLR sizes. The BH masses of our targets are also consistent with the standard <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>BH<\/jats:sub>-<jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>*<\/jats:sub> relation. Model-independent photocentre fitting shows spatial offsets between the hot dust continuum and the BLR photocentres (ranging from \u223c17 \u03bcas to 140 \u03bcas) that are generally perpendicular to the alignment of the red- and blueshifted BLR photocentres. These offsets are found to be related to the AGN luminosity and could be caused by asymmetric <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>-band emission of the hot dust, shifting the dust photocentre. We discuss various possible scenarios that can explain this phenomenon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202348167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T12:49:17Z","timestamp":1706186957000},"page":"A167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The size-luminosity relation of local active galactic nuclei from interferometric observations of the broad-line region"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"684","author":[{"name":"GRAVITY Collaboration","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bourdarot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Brandner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8382-2020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Cl\u00e9net","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4949-7217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4175-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. T.","family":"de Zeeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Dexter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Drescher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Eckart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Eisenhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fabricius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Feuchtgruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N. M.","family":"F\u00f6rster Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. J. V.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Genzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Gillessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gratadour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6353-1111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"H\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Lacour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Millour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Netzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0655-0452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Paumard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Perraut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0680-0167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Perrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6481-5397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. M.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. O.","family":"Petrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Pfuhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Rabien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2352-1736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Rouan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5687-0609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. J. D.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Shangguan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2125-4670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sternberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0671-9302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Straubmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L. J.","family":"Tacconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K. R. W.","family":"Tristram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Widmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Woillez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07053-4","volume":"627","author":"Abuter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aba001","volume":"899","author":"Alvarez","year":"2020","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1117\/12.458836","volume":"4839","author":"Arsenault","year":"2003","journal-title":"AdaptiveOptical System Technologies II"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L10","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/aa6571","volume":"838","author":"Batiste","year":"2017","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1088\/0067-0049\/207\/2\/19","volume":"207","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2013","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/697\/1\/160","volume":"697","author":"Bentz","year":"2009","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L46","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/720\/1\/L46","volume":"720","author":"Bentz","year":"2010","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/767\/2\/149","volume":"767","author":"Bentz","year":"2013","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/abccd4","volume":"906","author":"Bentz","year":"2021","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac19af","volume":"920","author":"Bentz","year":"2021","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac7c0a","volume":"934","author":"Bentz","year":"2022","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/acab62","volume":"944","author":"Bentz","year":"2023","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Binney J., & Tremaine S. 2008, Galactic Dynamics, 2nd edn. (Princeton University Press)","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400828722"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A118","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201935524","volume":"628","author":"Bischetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1086\/159843","volume":"255","author":"Blandford","year":"1982","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/736\/2\/103","volume":"736","author":"Brenneman","year":"2011","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/abb08a","volume":"901","author":"Buhariwalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102557","volume":"24","author":"Cackett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iscience"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A114","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201936321","volume":"634","author":"Caglar","year":"2020","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/200912137","volume":"504","author":"Cappi","year":"2009","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1086\/178002","volume":"471","author":"Carone","year":"1996","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1086\/177633","volume":"467","author":"Colbert","year":"1996","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1086\/382907","volume":"116","author":"Cushing","year":"2004","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/abbc1c","volume":"903","author":"Dalla Bont\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1086\/380995","volume":"602","author":"Davies","year":"2004","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1086\/423315","volume":"613","author":"Davies","year":"2004","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stu1163","volume":"443","author":"Davis","year":"2004","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11819","volume":"494","author":"Davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L30","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ab3d41","volume":"882","author":"Dehghanian","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A50","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/200913798","volume":"524","author":"de La Calle P\u00e9rez","year":"2010","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L69","DOI":"10.1086\/182833","volume":"226","author":"Delvaille","year":"1978","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/809\/1\/101","volume":"809","author":"den Brok","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L80","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/704\/2\/L80","volume":"704","author":"Denney","year":"2009","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1086\/312972","volume":"109","author":"Dermer","year":"1997","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac6955","volume":"931","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L30","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/798\/2\/L30","volume":"798","author":"Doi","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab4908","volume":"886","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stt2386","volume":"438","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/782\/1\/45","volume":"782","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/806\/1\/22","volume":"806","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3847\/0004-637X\/820\/1\/27","volume":"820","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aaae6b","volume":"856","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-005-3947-6","volume":"116","author":"Ferrarese","year":"2005","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/799\/2\/234","volume":"799","author":"Fischer","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/706\/2\/1364","volume":"706","author":"F\u00f6rster-Schreiber","year":"2009","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S1387-6473(00)00100-7","volume":"44","author":"Gaskell","year":"2000","journal-title":"New Astron. Rev."},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1086\/301240","volume":"119","author":"Gebhardt","year":"2000","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1086\/167586","volume":"342","author":"Goodrich","year":"1989","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2010.18045.x","volume":"412","author":"Graham","year":"2011","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A94","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201730838","volume":"602","author":"Abuter","year":"2017","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0731-9","volume":"563","author":"Sturm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A154","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202039067","volume":"643","author":"Amorim","year":"2020","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201936255","volume":"634","author":"Pfuhl","year":"2020","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A92","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201936767","volume":"635","author":"Dexter","year":"2020","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A117","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202040061","volume":"648","author":"Amorim","year":"2021","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A85","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202141426","volume":"654","author":"Amorim","year":"2021","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R57","first-page":"17","volume":"189","author":"Abuter","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Messenger"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A14","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202244655","volume":"669","author":"Amorim","year":"2023","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1086\/431897","volume":"630","author":"Greene","year":"2005","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L32","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8205\/826\/2\/L32","volume":"826","author":"Greene","year":"2016","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-astro-032620-021835","volume":"58","author":"Greene","year":"2020","journal-title":"ARA&A"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/773\/2\/90","volume":"773","author":"Grier","year":"2013","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aa901b","volume":"849","author":"Grier","year":"2017","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1086\/521650","volume":"174","author":"Hicks","year":"2008","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"R65","first-page":"A43","volume":"549","author":"Husemann","year":"2013","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab24bc","volume":"879","author":"Husemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab1306","volume":"505","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1086\/308704","volume":"533","author":"Kaspi","year":"2000","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1086\/431275","volume":"629","author":"Kaspi","year":"2005","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1086\/519947","volume":"665","author":"Kelly","year":"2007","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R71","first-page":"5","volume":"323","author":"Kollatschny","year":"1997","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1086\/383193","volume":"606","author":"Korista","year":"2004","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-astro-082708-101811","volume":"51","author":"Kormendy","year":"2013","journal-title":"ARA&A"},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aa8ec9","volume":"850","author":"Koss","year":"2017","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/sty778","volume":"477","author":"Krajnovi\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A52","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202348138","volume":"684","author":"Kuhn","year":"2024","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa2260","volume":"498","author":"Kuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L83","DOI":"10.1086\/311619","volume":"505","author":"Laor","year":"1998","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/714\/1\/561","volume":"714","author":"Lawrence","year":"2010","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aada45","volume":"865","author":"Lira","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A149","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201833623","volume":"619","author":"Luminari","year":"2018","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1086\/175111","volume":"438","author":"Madejski","year":"1995","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1086\/300353","volume":"115","author":"Magorrian","year":"1998","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L15","DOI":"10.1093\/mnrasl\/slx129","volume":"472","author":"Matzeu","year":"2017","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/268.2.405","volume":"268","author":"Nandra","year":"1994","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1259202","volume":"347","author":"Nardini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5185","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz2016","volume":"488","author":"Netzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa767","volume":"494","author":"Netzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aabe28","volume":"858","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aafe7a","volume":"872","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab0e08","volume":"875","author":"Ogawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R92","first-page":"9","volume":"350","author":"Oliva","year":"1999","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1086\/424655","volume":"615","author":"Onken","year":"2004","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2009.15837.x","volume":"401","author":"Orienti","year":"2010","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.2.540","volume":"75","author":"Osterbrock","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"R96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00159-017-0102-9","volume":"25","author":"Padovani","year":"2017","journal-title":"A&A Rev."},{"key":"R97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/abf148","volume":"912","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stu1809","volume":"445","author":"Pancoast","year":"2014","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1088\/0067-0049\/203\/1\/6","volume":"2013","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"R100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1086\/133140","volume":"105","author":"Peterson","year":"1993","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"R101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1086\/305813","volume":"501","author":"Peterson","year":"1998","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1086\/423269","volume":"613","author":"Peterson","year":"2004","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1086\/185806","volume":"360","author":"Piro","year":"1990","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A13","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201525830","volume":"594","author":"Planck Collaboration XIII.","year":"2016","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab3414","volume":"510","author":"Prieto","year":"2022","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz2243","volume":"489","author":"Raimundo","year":"2019","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa285","volume":"493","author":"Raimundo","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stu2613","volume":"447","author":"Rakshit","year":"2015","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.aa.22.090184.002351","volume":"22","author":"Rees","year":"1984","journal-title":"ARA&A"},{"key":"R110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-8711.2000.03282.x","volume":"312","author":"Reeves","year":"2000","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L65","DOI":"10.1086\/378218","volume":"593","author":"Reeves","year":"2003","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/701\/1\/493","volume":"701","author":"Reeves","year":"2009","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1086\/509313","volume":"654","author":"Ryan","year":"2007","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3847\/0004-637X\/818\/1\/47","volume":"818","author":"Saglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3390\/universe9010052","volume":"9","author":"Shablovinskaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Universe"},{"key":"R116","first-page":"337","volume":"24","author":"Shakura","year":"1973","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1086\/426134","volume":"619","author":"Shang","year":"2005","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/793\/1\/51","volume":"793","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/753\/2\/125","volume":"753","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R120","unstructured":"Shen Y., Grier C. J., Horne K., et al. 2023, arXiv e-prints [arXiv:2305.01014]"},{"key":"R121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L23","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-8711.1999.02344.x","volume":"303","author":"Simpson","year":"1999","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2004.07610.x","volume":"350","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/200.1.115","volume":"200","author":"Soltan","year":"1982","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa278","volume":"493","author":"Speagle","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A62","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201834808","volume":"625","author":"Thater","year":"2019","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1086\/310913","volume":"488","author":"Torres","year":"1997","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stx1117","volume":"470","author":"Trakhtenbrot","year":"2017","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L97","DOI":"10.1086\/426437","volume":"615","author":"Treu","year":"2004","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/283.3.748","volume":"283","author":"Ulrich","year":"1996","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1086\/161821","volume":"278","author":"Ulvestad","year":"1984","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1086\/346193","volume":"115","author":"Vacca","year":"2003","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"R132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3847\/0004-637X\/819\/1\/11","volume":"819","author":"van den Bosch","year":"2016","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2007.12328.x","volume":"381","author":"Vasudevan","year":"2007","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1086\/500572","volume":"641","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R135","unstructured":"Vestergaard M., Denney K. D., Osmer P., & Peterson B. M. 2011, in Proceedings of the Workshop \u201cNarrow-Line Seyfert\u201d, 1"},{"key":"R136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/accc84","volume":"948","author":"Villafa\u00f1a","year":"2023","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A12","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201322655","volume":"560","author":"Wagner","year":"2013","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"R138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa2961","volume":"499","author":"Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1086\/308017","volume":"526","author":"Wandel","year":"1999","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R140","first-page":"4","volume":"882","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aae086","volume":"866","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1086\/177812","volume":"469","author":"Winge","year":"1996","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/745\/2\/107","volume":"745","author":"Winter","year":"2012","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/716\/1\/269","volume":"716","author":"Woo","year":"2010","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ad132f","volume":"962","author":"Woo","year":"2024","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa2445","volume":"500","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R147","first-page":"493","volume":"11446","author":"Yazici","year":"2021","journal-title":"Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VII"},{"key":"R148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz1766","volume":"488","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"R149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1086\/380559","volume":"601","author":"Yun","year":"2004","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"R150","first-page":"1376","volume":"7","author":"Zhuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aanda.org\/10.1051\/0004-6361\/202348167\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T08:10:41Z","timestamp":1713514241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aanda.org\/10.1051\/0004-6361\/202348167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":150,"alternative-id":["aa48167-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/0004-6361\/202348167","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-6361","1432-0746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-6361","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}}}