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Calibrating photometric and spectrometric measurements of galaxies to better than 1.5% accuracy in a survey homogeneously mapping ~14 000 deg<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> of extragalactic sky requires a very detailed characterisation of near-infrared (NIR) detector properties as well as constant monitoring of them in flight. To cover two of the main contributions \u2013 relative pixel-to-pixel sensitivity and non-linearity characteristics \u2013 and to support other calibration activities, NI-CU was designed to provide spatially approximately homogeneous (&lt;12% variations) and temporally stable illumination (0.1\u20130.2% over 1200 s) over the NISP detector plane with minimal power consumption and energy dissipation. NI-CU covers the spectral range ~[900,I900] nm \u2013 at cryo-operating temperature \u2013 at five fixed independent wavelengths to capture wavelength-dependent behaviour of the detectors, with fluence over a dynamic range of \u2273100 from ~15 ph s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> pixel<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> to &gt;1500 ph s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> pixel<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. For this functionality, NI-CU is based on LEDs. We describe the rationale behind the decision and design process, the challenges in sourcing the right LEDs, and the qualification process and lessons learned. We also provide a description of the completed NI-CU, its capabilities, and performance as well as its limits. NI-CU has been integrated into NISP and the <jats:italic>Euclid<\/jats:italic> satellite, and since <jats:italic>Euclid<\/jats:italic>\u2019s launch in July 2023, it has started supporting survey operations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202450345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T18:53:36Z","timestamp":1721933616000},"page":"A4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>Euclid<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"697","author":[{"name":"Euclid Collaboration","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2474-3130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Hormuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3804-2137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Jahnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2568-9994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Schirmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. 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