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In this reference article, we illuminate the background of NISP\u2019s functional and calibration requirements, describe the instrument\u2019s integral components, and provide all its key properties. We also sketch the processes needed to understand how NISP operates and is calibrated as well as its technical potentials and limitations. Links to articles providing more details and the technical background are included. The NISP\u2019s 16 HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detectors with a plate scale of 0\u2033.3 pixel<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> deliver a field of view of 0.57 deg<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. In photometric mode, NISP reaches a limiting magnitude of ~24.5 AB mag in three photometric exposures of about 100 s in exposure time for point sources and with a S\/N of five. For spectroscopy, NISP\u2019s pointsource sensitivity is a signal-to-noise ratio = 3.5 detection of an emission line with flux ~2 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u221216<\/jats:sup> erg s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> integrated over two resolution elements of 13.4 \u00c5 in 3 \u00d7 560 s grism exposures at 1.6 \u00b5m (redshifted H<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>). Our calibration includes on-ground and in-flight characterisation and monitoring of the pixel-based detector baseline, dark current, non-linearity, and sensitivity to guarantee a relative photometric accuracy better than 1.5% and a relative spectrophotometry better than 0.7%. The wavelength calibration must be accurate to 5 \u00c5 or better. The NISP is the state-of-the-art instrument in the near-infrared for all science beyond small areas available from HST and JWST \u2013 and it represents an enormous advance from any existing instrumentation due to its combination of field size and high throughput of telescope and instrument. During <jats:italic>Euclid<\/jats:italic>\u2019s six-year survey covering 14 000 deg<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> of extragalactic sky, NISP will be the backbone in determining distances of more than a billion galaxies. Its near-infrared data will become a rich reference imaging and spectroscopy data set for the coming decades.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202450786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T18:50:16Z","timestamp":1722451816000},"page":"A3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["<i>Euclid<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"697","author":[{"name":"Euclid Collaboration","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3804-2137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Jahnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4744-9748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Gillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2568-9994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Schirmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3070-014X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Ealet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Maciaszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Barbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bonoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6497-5881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Corcione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1128-0664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Dusini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Grupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Hormuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4172-4606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Ligori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Morgante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7951-0166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2997-4859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Toledo-Moreo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2505-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Trifoglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1170-0104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Valenziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7179-0626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7316-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. 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