{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T15:33:57Z","timestamp":1769700837607,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["A&amp;A"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Context<\/jats:italic>. Ultra-hot Jupiters showcase one-of-a-kind extreme atmospheric conditions, including the dissociation of molecules into atomic species, ionisation, and significant day-to-night temperature contrasts. The proximity to their host stars exposes ultra-hot Jupiters to intense stellar irradiation, enabling high temperatures that drive noteworthy contributions to the overall opacity by hydride ions (H<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>), potentially obscuring features of metals in the near-infrared transmission spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Aims<\/jats:italic>. This work aims to detect atomic, ionic, and molecular species in the atmosphere of WASP-189b (H, He, Fe, Ti, V, Mn, Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Ni, Y, Ba, Sc, Fe<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, Ti<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, TiO, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O, CO, and OH). A focus is placed on (i) understanding the role of H<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> as a source of absorption continuum opacity, and (ii) retrieving the relative hydride-to-Fe abundance using combined optical and near-infrared data.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. We present two transits of WASP-189b gathered simultaneously in the optical with HARPS and in the near-infrared with NIRPS, supported by photometric light curves from EulerCam and ExTrA. Transmission spectra were analysed via cross-correlation to detect a planet\u2019s absorption features and to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of potential detections. Additionally, atmospheric retrievals quantified relative abundances by fitting the overall metallicity, and abundance proxies for TiO, H<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>, and e<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Only atomic iron is detected in HARPS data (S\/N~5.5). However, no Fe is detected at near-infrared wavelengths, likely due to the H<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> continuum dampening. Atmospheric retrievals on HARPS only and HARPS+NIRPS combined suggest that the hydride-to-Fe ratio exceeds equilibrium model predictions by ~0.5 dex, hinting at a strong ionisation rate for hydrogen atoms. Including NIRPS data helps to constrain the H<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> abundance, as well as set an upper limit on the free electron density, which is unconstrained from the HARPS-only retrieval. These results emphasise the impact of H<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> as a non-negligible source of continuum absorption opacity impeding the detection of planetary absorption features in the near-infrared transmission spectrum of WASP-189b.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202452972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T07:51:16Z","timestamp":1753775476000},"page":"A9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hydride ion continuum hides absorption signatures in the NIRPS near-infrared transmission spectrum of the ultra-hot gas giant WASP-189b"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"700","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7329-3471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Vaulato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8573-805X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Pelletier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Ehrenreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1199-9759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Allart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Cristo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3036-3585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9332-2011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Dumusque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5177-1898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hritam","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9699-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Lendl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7136-1528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avidaan","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3506-5667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9tienne","family":"Artigau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5074-1128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2434-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana C. 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