{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T10:09:18Z","timestamp":1776074958085,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":149,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["E3S Web of Conf."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This project investigates the feasibility and properties of 3D printed concrete using Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC). The increasing demand for construction materials, particularly ordinary Portland cement (OPC), has led to a surge in its usage. Consequently, Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) has gained popularity as an alternative due to its advantageous properties. PPC, characterized by its enhanced durability and sustainability, has become a preferred choice in the construction industry, offering versatility and reliability in various construction applications. The main focus of the project is economical printing of concrete structures through 3D printing technology. With sustainability and cost-effectiveness as paramount considerations, the study delves into refining the mix proportions ideal for 3D printing applications. By harnessing the potential of Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) with a 35% fly ash content, the aim is to strike a balance between structural integrity, workability, and affordability. It examines various key properties essential for successful 3D printing, such as extrudability, printability, flowability, buildability, setting time and thixotropic open time. Furthermore, the project examines the strength of 3D printed concrete mixes. Through testing and studying these properties, the research aims to contribute to the advancement of eco-friendly and efficient construction practices by using 3D printing and innovative cementitious materials. The findings from this study provide valuable insights to enhance the efficiency of 3D printing and the strength of printed concrete structures, including beams, walls, and other structural elements. By implementing these ideas, potential advancements in construction methodologies could be realized, facilitating more robust and cost-effective building practices. This research aims to contribute to the ongoing evolution of 3D printing technology in construction, ultimately fostering innovation and sustainability in the built environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202452901019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T08:04:42Z","timestamp":1716969882000},"page":"01019","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["3D printed concrete using Portland pozzolana cement - fly ash based"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"529","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ibrahim A","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Senthil","family":"Kumar N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Egbe, Shi Jiao, Salehi  (2024) \u201cEco-friendly 3D printed concrete with fine aggregate replacements: Fabrication, characterization and machine learning prediction.\u201d Construction and Building Materials.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.134905"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Qamar Abu, Yaghmour Emad, Wang Xingjian (2024) \u201cUse of 3D printed concrete components for thermal energy storage.\u201d Construction and Building Materials."},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coward Andy, Sorensen Jesper Harrild (2023) \u201c3D printed concrete beams as optimized load-carrying structural elements \u2013 The Minimass beam.\u201d Structures.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2023.105624"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4","first-page":"1","volume":"48","author":"Giridhar","year":"2023","journal-title":"S\u0101dhan\u0101: Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tong Jiaqi, Ding Yahong, Xiuwen Lv, Ning Wei (2023) \u201cEffect of carbonated recycled coarse aggregates on the mechanical properties of 3D printed recycled concrete.\u201d Journal of Building Engineering.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.107959"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Yi, Wang Li, Yuan Qiang, Peng Jianwei (2023) \u201cEffect of coarse aggregate on printability and mechanical properties of 3D printed concrete.\u201d Construction and Building Materials.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.133338"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Jinggao, Ren Xiaodan, Cervera Miguel (2023) \u201cBuildability modeling of 3D-printed concrete including printing deviation.\u201d Construction and Building Materials.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.133076"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong Liang, Yang Yekai, Liu Zhongxian, Ren Quanchang, Jun L, Zhang Yan, Chengqing Wu (2022) \u201cMicrostructure and mechanical behavior of 3D printed ultra-high-performance concrete after elevated temperatures.\u201d Additive Manufacturing.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2022.103032"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar Lalit, Dey Dhrutiman, Panda Biranchi, Muthu Nelson (2024) \u201cExperimental and numerical evaluation of multidirectional compressive and flexure behavior of three-dimensional printed concrete.\u201d Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11709-023-0004-z"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pham Luong, Tran Phuong, Sanjayan Jay, Saneian Mohsen, Han Peihua, Jin Shan, Bai Yong (2020) \u201cSteel fibers reinforced 3D printed concrete: Influence of fiber sizes on mechanical performance.\u201d Construction and Building Materials.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.118785"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2021.106384","volume":"143","author":"A R","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cem. 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