{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:12:07Z","timestamp":1774278727828,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":296,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EPJ Web Conf."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper introduces Visible Light Communication (VLC) to enhance traffic signal efficiency and vehicle trajectory management at urban intersections. A multi-intersection traffic control system is proposed, integrating VLC localization services with learning-based traffic signal control. VLC facilitates communication between connected vehicles and infrastructure using headlights, streetlights, and traffic signals to transmit information. By leveraging vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) interactions, joint transmission and data collection are achieved via mobile optical receivers. The system aims to reduce waiting times for pedestrians and vehicles while improving overall traffic safety. It is designed to be flexible and adaptive, accommodating diverse traffic movements during multiple signal phases. VLC cooperative mechanisms, transmission range, relative pose concepts, and queue\/request\/response interactions help balance traffic flow between intersections, enhancing the overall road network performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/epjconf\/202430500030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T08:35:03Z","timestamp":1729672503000},"page":"00030","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhancing Urban Traffic Management with Visible Light Communication and Reinforcement Learning"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"305","author":[{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Galv\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuel Augusto","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Louro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"V\u00e9stias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uhlemann E., \u201cIntroducing connected vehicles [Connected vehicles],\u201d IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 10, no. 1. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Mar. 01, 2015. doi: 10.1109\/MVT.2015.2390920.","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2015.2390920"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu N., Cheng N., Zhang N., Shen X., and Mark J. W., \u201cConnected vehicles: Solutions and challenges,\u201d IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 1, no. 4. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 289\u2013299, Aug. 01, 2014. doi: 10.1109\/JIOT.2014.2327587.","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2014.2327587"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rana M. M. and Hossain K., \u201cConnected and Autonomous Vehicles and Infrastructures: A Literature Review,\u201d International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, vol. 16, no. 2. Springer, pp. 264\u2013284, Mar. 01, 2023. doi: 10.1007\/s42947-021-00130-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s42947-021-00130-1"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien D.,; Le Minh H., Zeng L., Faulkner G., Lee K., Jung D., Oh Y., Won E. T., E.T. Indoor Visible Light Communications: Challenges and prospects. In Free-Space Laser Communications VIII, Proceedings of the Optical Engineering + Applications, San Diego, CA, USA, 10\u201314 August 2008; SPIE: Bellingham, WA, USA, 2008; Volume 7091, pp. 60\u201368.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.799503"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36606-2","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes R., Vieira M. A., Vieira M., Vieira P., Louro P., and V\u00e9stias M., \u201cUsing visible light communication to implement intelligent traffic signals and cooperative trajectories at urban intersections,\u201d in Light-Emitting Devices, Materials, and Applications XXVII, Kim J. K., Krames M. R., and Strassburg M., Eds., SPIE, 2023, p. 124410G. doi: 10.1117\/12.2647862.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2647862"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vieira M. A., Vieira M., Vieira P., Fernandes R., and Louro P., \u201cDynamic vehicular visible light communication for traffic management,\u201d in NextGeneration Optical Communication: Components, Sub-Systems, and Systems XII, Li G., Nakajima K., and Srivastava A. K., Eds., SPIE, 2023, p. 124290O. doi: 10.1117\/12.2647866.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2647866"},{"issue":"2","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3390\/signals4020024","volume":"4","author":"Vieira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signals"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galv\u00e3o G., Vieira M., Louro P., Vieira M., V\u00e9stias M., and Vieira P., \u201cVisible Light Communication at Urban Intersections to Improve Traffic Signaling and Cooperative Trajectories,\u201d Apr. 2023, pp. 60\u201365. doi: 10.1109\/YEFECE58420.2023.10209320.","DOI":"10.1109\/YEF-ECE58420.2023.10209320"},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"Vidali A., Crociani L., Vizzari G., and Bandini S., \u201cA Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach to Adaptive Traffic Lights Management.\u201d [Online]. Available: https:\/\/population.un.org\/wup\/"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galv\u00e3o G., Vieira M. A., Vieira M., Vieira P., Louro P., Vestias M., Louren\u00e7o P., \u201cTraffic signals and cooperative trajectories at urban intersections: leveraging visible light communication for implementation,\u201d Proc. SPIE 12906, LightEmitting Devices, Materials, and Applications XXVIII, 129060O (13 March 2024); doi: 10.1117\/12.3000529","DOI":"10.1117\/12.3000529"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tigga A., Hota L., Patel S., and Kumar A., \u201cA Deep Q-Learning-Based Adaptive Traffic Light Control System for Urban Safety,\u201d in Proceedings 2022 4th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking, ICAC3N 2022, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022, pp. 2430\u20132435. doi: 10.1109\/ICAC3N56670.2022.10074123.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAC3N56670.2022.10074123"},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"Vieira M. A., Galv\u00e3o G., Vieira M., V\u00e9stias M., Vieira P., and Louro P., \u201cTraffic Signaling and Cooperative Trajectories based on Visible Light Communication,\u201d Sensors and Electronic Instrumentation Advances, p. 23, 2023."}],"container-title":["EPJ Web of Conferences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.epj-conferences.org\/10.1051\/epjconf\/202430500030\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T08:35:17Z","timestamp":1729672517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.epj-conferences.org\/10.1051\/epjconf\/202430500030"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"M.F.M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.A.","family":"Ferreira Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["epjconf_aop2024_00030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/epjconf\/202430500030","relation":{},"ISSN":["2100-014X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2100-014X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}