{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T09:11:18Z","timestamp":1786871478403,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":413,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mat\u00e9riaux &amp; Techniques"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the deep steel industry decarbonization, green hydrogen plays a pivotal role as alternative energy to replace natural gas and carbon bearing materials. In this frame, technical aspects and in general criticalities relevant to the use of mixtures of hydrogen and natural gas in industrial processes were investigated: in particular its effect was analyzed on employ of existing industrial burners for treatment furnace and on oxidability and descaling susceptibility of forged material as Grade F22V and Inconel<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\u2009625. The experimental campaign on burner using blends with 30% and 50%vol. of hydrogen in natural gas highlighted that it is possible to ignite the burner for both mixtures, but that the burner is more stable with the 30%vol. of hydrogen in natural gas. The detected emissions of nitrogen oxides compared to the natural gas increase up to 15%. The results indicated that selected high speed burner should be used in industrial plant with a 30% of hydrogen in volume with no need of hardware modifications. The oxidation investigation on atmospheres deriving from the combustion of 100% of hydrogen, at 1230\u2009\u00b0C, showed a moderate scale increase up to 14% for F22V grade and 8% for Inconel<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\u2009625. This increase of scale growth has not detrimental effect on the scale removability. For the selected reference industrial scenario, the burner was positively tested in industrial furnace with a 30% of hydrogen in volume with no need of hardware modifications. Moderate scale growth was observed, but with no detrimental effect on the scale removability. Moreover, the H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> addition allows to get CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reductions, without any noticeable drawback on other process parameters or product quality for this industrial scenario.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/mattech\/2022006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T08:53:13Z","timestamp":1645174393000},"page":"306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Feasibility study for the utilization of natural gas and hydrogen blends on industrial furnaces"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Luzzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Cirilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Jochler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Gambato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Longhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Rampinini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"REGTGF.  \nImprovement of top gas fired reheating and direct reduction furnaces for high temperature using innovative regenerative burners. RFSR-CT-2003-00036, \n2006"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"NOX-RF.  \nMinimizing NOx emissions from reheating furnaces. RFSR-CT-2003-00005, \n2007"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"CO2RED. \nCO2 reduction in reheating furnaces. RFSR-CT-2006-00008, \n2010"},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"HELNOX-BFG.  \nHigh efficiency low NOx BFG based combustion systems in steel reheating furnaces. RFSR-CT-2012-00010, \n2015"},{"key":"R5","unstructured":"CONSTOX.  \nControl of steel oxidation in reheating operations carried out with alternative fuels and new combustion technologies. RFSR-CT-2011-00007, \n2014"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"HiPerScale.  \nHigh performance hot rolling process through steel grade-dependent influencing of the scale formation and flexible descaling control. \nRFSR-CT-2014-00010 \n2017"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schefer R.W., \nWicksall D., \nAgrawal A.K., Combustion of hydrogen-enriched methane in a lean premixed swirl-stabilized burner, in: \nProceeding of the Combustion Institute, \n2002","DOI":"10.1016\/S1540-7489(02)80108-0"},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"Krzyzanowski M., \nBeynon J., \nFarrugia D., \nOxide scale behaviour in high temperature metal processing, STMS Books Principles and Applications, 2 Volume Set, \nWiley-VCH, \n2009, ISBN: 978-3-527-32518-4"},{"key":"R9","unstructured":"Birks, N. \nMeier. G.H. \nIntroduction to high temperature oxidation of metals, \nEdward Arnold, \nLondon, \n1983"},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"Nelson B.D., \nGebara G., \nTiley J., Design criteria for descaling at Dofasco\u2019s No. 2 Hot Mill, in: \nAISTech 2005 Volumes I & II and ICS 2005 Conference Proceedings; Volume I. Vol.I & II, Charlotte, USA, 9\u201312 May, \n2005, pp. 437\u2013447"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Silk N., \nDescaling, steel, \nTimes Publication, \n2001, pp. 184\u2013186"},{"key":"R12","unstructured":"Silk N., \n2nd International Conference on Hydraulic descaling in rolling mills, London 13\u201314th October, \nInstitute of Materials, \n1997"},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"Mikler N., \nLanteri V., \nLeblanc V., \nGeffraye F., Primary and secondary descaling on low carbon steels, in: \n3rd International Conference on Hydraulic Descaling, 14\u201315 September, London, \n2000"},{"key":"R14","unstructured":"ATEX 114 \u201cequipment\u201d Directive 2014\/34\/EU. Equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres"},{"key":"R15","unstructured":"ATEX 137 \u201cworkplace\u201d Directive 1999\/92\/EC. Minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres"}],"container-title":["Mat\u00e9riaux &amp; Techniques"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mattech-journal.org\/10.1051\/mattech\/2022006\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T19:51:18Z","timestamp":1647373878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mattech-journal.org\/10.1051\/mattech\/2022006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4"},"alternative-id":["mt210057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/mattech\/2022006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-6895","1778-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-6895","type":"print"},{"value":"1778-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}