{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T16:16:24Z","timestamp":1772640984834,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]],"date-time":"2003-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1044057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Diagnostic Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,26]],"date-time":"2003-03-26T02:15:53Z","timestamp":1048644953000},"page":"60-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Criteria for malignancy in nonvisceral smooth muscle tumors"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jason L.","family":"Hornick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.M.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199406000-00001","article-title":"Problematic uterine smooth muscle neoplasms: A clinicopathologic study of 213 cases","volume":"18","author":"Bell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB2","first-page":"784","article-title":"Smooth muscle tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and retroperitoneal tissues","volume":"73","author":"Golden","year":"1941","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195807\/08)11:4<844::AID-CNCR2820110425>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Leiomyosarcoma of the superficial soft tissues","volume":"11","author":"Stout","year":"1958","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196205172662003","article-title":"Malignant smooth-muscle tumors (leiomyosarcomas) of soft-tissue origin","volume":"266","author":"Phelan","year":"1962","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197701)39:1<255::AID-CNCR2820390139>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Smooth muscle tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and retroperitoneum: A pathologic analysis of 100 cases","volume":"39","author":"Ranchod","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB6","first-page":"269","article-title":"Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma: A clinicopathologic analysis of 36 cases","volume":"7","author":"Shmookler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860515)57:10<2077::AID-CNCR2820571033>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Leiomyosarcoma of the external soft tissues: A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic study","volume":"57","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB8","first-page":"21","article-title":"Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas unassociated with the gastrointestinal tract: A clinicopathologic analysis of 17 cases","volume":"12","author":"Rajani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200201000-00002","article-title":"Leiomyosarcoma of somatic soft tissues: A tumor of vascular origin with multivariate analysis of outcome in 42 cases","volume":"26","author":"Farshid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810815)48:4<1022::AID-CNCR2820480429>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Leiomyosarcoma of soft tissue: A clinicopathologic study","volume":"48","author":"Wile","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930280307","article-title":"Malignant smooth muscle tumors of the retroperitoneum and mesentery: A clinicopathologic analysis of 44 cases","volume":"28","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930400115","article-title":"Leiomyosarcomas of the extremities","volume":"40","author":"Neuget","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19920701)70:1<114::AID-CNCR2820700119>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Soft tissue leiomyosarcoma: A population-based epidemiologic and prognostic study of 48 patients, including cellular DNA content","volume":"70","author":"Gustafson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199406000-00003","article-title":"Leiomyoma of deep soft tissue: Clinicopathologic analysis of a series","volume":"18","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199501000-00015","article-title":"The difficulty in predicting behavior of smooth-muscle tumors in deep soft tissue","volume":"19","author":"Fletcher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200109000-00003","article-title":"Do leiomyomas of deep soft tissue exist? An analysis of highly differentiated smooth muscle tumors of deep soft tissue supporting two distinct subtypes","volume":"25","author":"Billings","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200111000-00002","article-title":"Retroperitoneal leiomyomas: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 56 cases with a comparison to retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas","volume":"25","author":"Paal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1959.01560130034004","article-title":"Smooth-muscle tumors of the skin","volume":"79","author":"Montgomery","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1963.01590230018002","article-title":"Leiomyomas of the skin","volume":"88","author":"Fisher","year":"1963","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1158\/ajc.1937.435","article-title":"Solitary cutaneous and subcutaneous leiomyoma","volume":"29","author":"Stout","year":"1937","journal-title":"Am J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1159\/000252532","article-title":"Leiomyosarcoma of the skin: Report of two cases","volume":"140","author":"Haim","year":"1970","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810101)47:1<156::AID-CNCR2820470127>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Leiomyosarcoma of the skin and subcutaneous tissue","volume":"47","author":"Fields","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1988.tb00533.x","article-title":"Primary cutaneous leiomyosarcoma. A histological and immunohistochemical study of 9 cases, with ultrastructural correlation","volume":"15","author":"Swanson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1996.tb01435.x","article-title":"Intradermal and subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 41 cases","volume":"23","author":"Jensen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199709000-00001","article-title":"Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma","volume":"21","author":"Kaddu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199702000-00002","article-title":"Cutaneous pilar leiomyoma: Clinicopathologic analysis of 53 lesions in 45 patients","volume":"19","author":"Raj","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-197904000-00006","article-title":"Leiomyoma of the nipple","volume":"3","author":"Nascimento","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1991.tb01479.x","article-title":"Smooth muscle tumours of the external genitalia: Clinicopathological analysis of a series","volume":"18","author":"Newman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB29","first-page":"213","article-title":"Smooth muscle tumors of the vulva","volume":"53","author":"Tavassoli","year":"1979","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB30","first-page":"1415","article-title":"Superficial leiomyomas: A clinicopathologic study of 34 cases","volume":"37","author":"Yokoyama","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199607000-00001","article-title":"Smooth-muscle tumors of the vulva: A clinicopathologic study of 25 cases and review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Nielsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2000.00865.x","article-title":"Vulvovaginal soft tissue tumours: Update and review","volume":"36","author":"Nucci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)58680-2","article-title":"Solitary leiomyomas arising from the tunica dartos scroti","volume":"116","author":"Siegal","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010_NEWBIB34","first-page":"282","article-title":"Scrotal leiomyomas with bizarre nuclei: A report of three cases","volume":"11","author":"Slone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Diagnostic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1092913402912116?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1092913402912116?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T06:52:35Z","timestamp":1553669555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1092913402912116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1092913402912116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/adpa.2003.50010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-9134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-9134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}}}