{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T12:49:45Z","timestamp":1776430185445,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,28]],"date-time":"2002-10-28T12:40:27Z","timestamp":1035808827000},"page":"195-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Spinal anaesthesia: local anaesthetics and adjuncts in the ambulatory setting"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Francis V.","family":"Salinas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spencer S.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199509000-00011","article-title":"Combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia for outpatient surgery: dose\u2013response characteristics of intrathecal isobaric lidocaine using a 27-gauge Whitacre spinal needle","volume":"83","author":"Urmey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03012094","article-title":"Dose response study of lidocaine 1% for spinal anaesthesia for lower limb and perineal surgery","volume":"45","author":"Liam","year":"1998","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF3","first-page":"112","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia: volume or concentration-what matters?","volume":"21","author":"van Zundert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199606000-00012","article-title":"Prospective study of the incidence of transient radicular irritation in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia","volume":"84","author":"Pollock","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199809000-00012","article-title":"Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia. An epidemiologic study of 1863 patients","volume":"89","author":"Freedman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199803000-00012","article-title":"Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia: a lower incidence with prilocaine and bupivacaine than with lidocaine","volume":"88","author":"Hampl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199802000-00007","article-title":"Recovery of storage and emptying functions of the urinary bladder after spinal anesthesia with lidocaine and with bupivacaine in men","volume":"88","author":"Kamphius","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1997.223-az0358.x","article-title":"Home readiness after spinal anaesthesia with small doses of hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine","volume":"52","author":"Tarkkila","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199610000-00009","article-title":"Spinal bupivacaine in ambulatory surgery: the effect of saline dilution","volume":"83","author":"Ben-Davis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF10","first-page":"218","article-title":"Procaine compared with lidocaine for incidence of transient neurologic symptoms","volume":"25","author":"Hodgson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03028311","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia; a comparison of procaine and lidocaine","volume":"48","author":"Truong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03012973","article-title":"Spinal procaine with and without epinephrine and its relation to transient radicular irritation","volume":"46","author":"Bergeron","year":"1999","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03028310","article-title":"Intrathecal fentanyl does not modify the duration of procaine spinal block","volume":"48","author":"Boucher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199911000-00015","article-title":"Dose response relationships for isobaric spinal mepivacaine using the combined spinal\u2013epidural technique","volume":"89","author":"Zayas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199803000-00010","article-title":"Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia with mepivacaine and lidocaine","volume":"88","author":"Ligouri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/79.3.301","article-title":"Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anaesthesia with 4% mepivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine","volume":"79","author":"Hiller","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.450216.x","article-title":"Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anaesthesia using isobaric 2% mepivacaine and isobaric 2% lidocaine","volume":"45","author":"Salazar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2000.440413.x","article-title":"A randomized study of lidocaine and prilocaine for spinal anaesthesia","volume":"44","author":"Ostgaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199904000-00007","article-title":"Hyperbaric spinal ropivacaine: a comparison to bupivacaine in volunteers","volume":"90","author":"McDonald","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199911000-00013","article-title":"Intrathecal ropivacaine for ambulatory surgery: a comparison between intrathecal bupivacaine and intrathecal ropivacaine for knee arthroscopy","volume":"91","author":"Gautier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200012000-00031","article-title":"Transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) following intrathecal ropivacaine","volume":"93","author":"Ganapathy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF22","first-page":"730","article-title":"Fentanyl prolongs lidocaine spinal anesthesia without prolonging recovery","volume":"80","author":"Liu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-199924030-00015","article-title":"Intrathecal lipophilic opioids as adjuncts to surgical spinal anesthesia","volume":"24","author":"Hamber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF24","first-page":"357","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia: mechanisms, agents, methods, and safety","volume":"23","author":"Chiari","year":"1998","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199709000-00014","article-title":"Intrathecal fentanyl with small-dose dilute bupivacaine: better anesthesia without prolonging recovery","volume":"85","author":"Ben-David","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199701000-00011","article-title":"Small-dose hypobaric lidocaine\u2013fentanyl spinal anesthesia for short duration outpatient laparoscopy. I. A randomized comparison with conventional dose hyperbaric lidocaine","volume":"84","author":"Vaghadia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199903000-00010","article-title":"Anesthesia for in vitro fertilization: the addition of fentanyl to 1.5% lidocaine","volume":"88","author":"Martin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200010000-00018","article-title":"A comparison of mini-dose lidocaine-fentanyl and conventional-dose lidocaine spinal anaesthesia","volume":"91","author":"Ben-David","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03011037","article-title":"Side effects of intrathecal and epidural opioids","volume":"42","author":"Chaney","year":"1995","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02323.x","article-title":"Ventilatory effects of subarachnoid fentanyl in the elderly","volume":"47","author":"Varrassi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03019755","article-title":"Selective spinal anaesthesia for outpatient laparoscopy. I: Characteristics of three hypobaric solutions","volume":"48","author":"Vaghadia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199910000-00013","article-title":"Determination of the effective therapeutic dose of intrathecal sufentanil for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy","volume":"89","author":"Lau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF33","first-page":"372","article-title":"The dose-response pharmacology of intrathecal sufentanil in female volunteers","volume":"85","author":"Lu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199711000-00022","article-title":"Risk of respiratory arrest after intrathecal sufentanil","volume":"85","author":"Ferouz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199609000-00026","article-title":"Alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia: a clinical review of clonidine (1984\u20131995)","volume":"85","author":"Eisenach","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200104000-00008","article-title":"Intrathecal ropivacaine and clonidine for ambulatory knee arthroscopy: a dose-response study","volume":"94","author":"De Kock","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199805000-00011","article-title":"The use of epinephrine on small-dose hyperbaric bupivacaine spinal anesthesia: clinical implications for ambulatory surgery","volume":"86","author":"Moore","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF38","first-page":"735","article-title":"The effects of epinephrine on lidocaine spinal anesthesia: a cross-over study","volume":"80","author":"Chiu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF39","first-page":"1018","article-title":"The effect of varied doses of epinephrine on duration of lidocaine spinal anesthesia in the thoracic and lumbosacral dermatomes","volume":"86","author":"Kito","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199903000-00012","article-title":"Dose-response effects of spinal neostigmine added to bupivacaine spinal anesthesia in volunteers","volume":"90","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199502000-00003","article-title":"Phase I safety assessment of intrathecal neostigmine methylsulfate in humans","volume":"82","author":"Hood","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199810000-00016","article-title":"A multicenter study of intrathecal neostigmine for analgesia following vaginal hysterectomy","volume":"89","author":"Lauretti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-00115550-199823010-00010","article-title":"Enhancement of analgesic effect of intrathecal neostigmine and clonidine on bupivacaine spinal anesthesia","volume":"23","author":"Pan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(00)90034-3","article-title":"Can local anesthesia be recommended for routine use in elective knee arthroscopy? A comparison between local, spinal, and general anesthesia","volume":"16","author":"Jacobson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Arthroscopy and Related Surgery"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200102000-00051","article-title":"Ambulatory anesthesia for knee arthroscopy","volume":"92","author":"Reuben","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200108000-00016","article-title":"A comparison of minidose lidocaine-fentanyl spinal anesthesia and local anesthesia\/propofol infusion for outpatient knee arthroscopy","volume":"93","author":"Ben-David","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/86.4.570","article-title":"Small-dose selective spinal anaesthesia for short-duration gynaecological laparoscopy: recovery characteristics compared with propofol anaesthesia","volume":"86","author":"Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200109000-00009","article-title":"Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic gynaecological surgery: combined antiemetic treatment alone with tropisetron and metaclopramide vs. metaclopramide alone","volume":"18","author":"Papadimitriou","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Anaesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200008000-00009","article-title":"Omission of nitrous oxide from propofol-based anaesthetic does not affect the recovery of women undergoing outpatient gynecologic surgery","volume":"93","author":"Arellano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199701000-00012","article-title":"Small-dose hypobaric lidocaine-fentanyl spinal anesthesia for short duration outpatient laparoscopy. II. Optimal fentanyl dose","volume":"84","author":"Chilvers","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199706000-00010","article-title":"Intrathecal sufentanil for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy provides earlier discharge of the outpatient than intrathecal lidocaine","volume":"84","author":"Lau","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1089\/089277901750299249","article-title":"Comparison of shockwave lithotripsy outcomes in patients receiving sufentanil or lidocaine spinal anesthesia","volume":"15","author":"Nelson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Endourology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200007000-00018","article-title":"Fast-tracking after immersion lithotripsy: general anesthesia versus monitored anesthesia care","volume":"91","author":"Coloma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF54","first-page":"590","article-title":"Subarachnoid sufentanil for extracorporeal shock lithotripsy","volume":"22","author":"Bromage","year":"1997","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF55","first-page":"363","article-title":"Hyperosmolarity does not contribute to transient radicular irritation after spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric 5% lidocaine","volume":"20","author":"Hampl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199902000-00019","article-title":"Dilution of spinal lidocaine does not alter the incidence of transient neurologic symptoms","volume":"90","author":"Pollock","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200101000-00012","article-title":"Intrathecal low-dose bupivacaine versus lidocaine for in vitro fertilization procedures","volume":"26","author":"Tsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199907000-00010","article-title":"Management of bladder function after outpatient surgery","volume":"91","author":"Pavlin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199907000-00016","article-title":"Voiding in patients managed with or without ultrasound monitoring of bladder volume after outpatient surgery","volume":"89","author":"Pavlin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A42","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200009001-00042","article-title":"Do ambulatory patients need to void after a short-acting spinal or epidural anesthetic? (abstract)","volume":"93","author":"Larkin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF61","first-page":"508","article-title":"Discharge criteria and complications after ambulatory surgery","volume":"88","author":"Marshall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF62","first-page":"697","article-title":"Comparison of 5% with dextrose, 1.5% with dextrose, and 1.5% dextrose-free lidocaine solutions for spinal anesthesia in human volunteers","volume":"81","author":"Liu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199911000-00016","article-title":"Intrathecal bupivacaine in humans: influence of volume and baricity of solutions","volume":"91","author":"Malinovsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199702000-00017","article-title":"The direction of the whitacre needle aperture affects the extent and duration of isobaric spinal anesthesia","volume":"84","author":"Urmey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03008286","article-title":"Lidocaine 0.5% spinal anaesthesia: a hypobaric solution for short-stay peri-rectal surgery","volume":"39","author":"Bodily","year":"1992","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199407000-00018","article-title":"Systemic opioids enhance the spread of sensory analgesia produced by intrathecal lidocaine","volume":"79","author":"Sarantopoulos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199711000-00027","article-title":"Nitrous oxide enhances the level of sensory block produced by intrathecal lidocaine","volume":"85","author":"Fassoulaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199412000-00012","article-title":"Postdural puncture headache and spinal needle design","volume":"81","author":"Halpern","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200010000-00027","article-title":"Postdural puncture headache: a randomized comparison of five spinal needles in obstetric patients","volume":"91","author":"Vallejo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1995.tb04135.x","article-title":"Postdural puncture headache (PDPH): onset, duration, severity, and associated symptoms","volume":"39","author":"Lybecker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200108000-00012","article-title":"Effectiveness of epidural blood patch in the management of postdural puncture headache","volume":"95","author":"Safa-Tisseront","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199812000-00022","article-title":"In vitro investigation of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after dural puncture with various spinal needles","volume":"87","author":"Holst","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF73","first-page":"302","article-title":"Repeated dural punctures increase the incidence of postdural puncture headache","volume":"82","author":"Seeberger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/74.3.328","article-title":"Transient radicular irritation after spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric 5% lidocaine","volume":"74","author":"Tarkkila","year":"1995","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF75","first-page":"1148","article-title":"Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anaesthesia","volume":"81","author":"Hampl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199611000-00026","article-title":"A similar incidence of transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia with 2% and 5% lidocaine","volume":"83","author":"Hampl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF77","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Transient neurologic syndrome in one thousand forty-five patients after 3% lidocaine spinal anesthesia","volume":"86","author":"Morisaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199803000-00011","article-title":"Incidence of transient neurologic symptoms after hyperbaric subarachnoid anesthesia with 5% lidocaine and 5% prilocaine","volume":"88","author":"Martinez-Bourio","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.4.575","article-title":"Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric 5% lidocaine or general anaesthesia","volume":"82","author":"Hiller","year":"1999","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2000.440311.x","article-title":"The incidence of transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) after spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing surgery in the supine position. Hyperbaric lidocaine 5% versus hyperbaric bupivacaine 5%","volume":"44","author":"Keld","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2000.01618-4.x","article-title":"The incidence of transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine compared to prilocaine","volume":"55","author":"de Weert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2002.0233_RF82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1084-208X(00)70007-3","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia for day surgery","volume":"4","author":"Hodgson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689602902338?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689602902338?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:57:16Z","timestamp":1776427036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521689602902338"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521689602902338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/bean.2002.0233","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-3740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-3740","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spinal anaesthesia: local anaesthetics and adjuncts in the ambulatory setting","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/bean.2002.0233","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}