{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T19:23:30Z","timestamp":1789845810165,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,25]],"date-time":"2003-03-25T21:15:53Z","timestamp":1048626953000},"page":"137-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Muscle relaxants"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Kampe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens W.","family":"Krombach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Diefenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF1","series-title":"The History of Anaesthesia","first-page":"223","article-title":"The historic misuse of anaesthetic and related agents","author":"Betcher","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF2","first-page":"27S","article-title":"Toxicity testing of atracurium","volume":"55","author":"Skarpa","year":"1983","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03008189","article-title":"Residual curarization in the neonate after caesarean section","volume":"38","author":"Percault","year":"1991","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198406000-00009","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, placental tranfer, and neonatal effects of vecuronium and pancuronium administered during Cesarean section","volume":"60","author":"Dailey","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/56.6.599","article-title":"Use of atracurium in cesarean section","volume":"56","author":"Flynn","year":"1984","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/73.3.336","article-title":"Rocuronium (ORG 9426) for Caesarean section","volume":"73","author":"Abouleish","year":"1994","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/66.5.551","article-title":"Transplacental distribution of atracurium, laudanosine and monoquarternary alcohol during elective caesarean section","volume":"66","author":"Shearer","year":"1991","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X8100900202","article-title":"Caesarean section and placental transfer of alcuronium","volume":"9","author":"Ho","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF9","first-page":"187","article-title":"The safety test of pancuronium bromide","volume":"22","author":"Suzuki","year":"1970","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical Laboratory Science"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420040105","article-title":"Failure of muscle relaxants to produce cleft palate in mice","volume":"4","author":"Jacobs","year":"1971","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199206000-00021","article-title":"Development toxicity of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants in cultured rat embryos","volume":"76","author":"Fujinaga","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200109000-00031","article-title":"The influence of atracurium, cisatracurium and mivacurium on the proliferation of two human cell lines in vitro","volume":"93","author":"Amann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.240.277","article-title":"Arthrogryposis following treatment of maternal tetanus with muscle relaxants","volume":"45","author":"Jago","year":"1970","journal-title":"Archives of Diseases in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196101000-00001","article-title":"The placental transmission of succinylcholine","volume":"22","author":"Moya","year":"1961","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/41.4.297","article-title":"The placenta transfer of alcuronium: a preliminary report","volume":"41","author":"Thomas","year":"1969","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/40.6.459","article-title":"Placental transfer of tubocurarine: a case report","volume":"40","author":"Older","year":"1968","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1992.tb03617.x","article-title":"Selective inhibition of calcium entry induced by benzylisochinolines in rat smooth muscle","volume":"44","author":"Anselmi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03004694","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia: a statistical review","volume":"17","author":"Britt","year":"1970","journal-title":"Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society Journal"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/60.3.287","article-title":"Diagnosis of susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia in man","volume":"60","author":"Ording","year":"1988","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF20","first-page":"685","article-title":"Diagnose der Anlage zur Maligner Hyperthermie mit Hilfe des in vitro-Kontrakturtests","volume":"36","author":"Klein","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/65.5.692","article-title":"Are myotonias and periodic paralyses associated with susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia?","volume":"65","author":"Lehmann-Horn","year":"1990","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880060707","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia and related neuromuscular diseases: caffeine contracture of the skinned muscle fibers","volume":"6","author":"Takagi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Muscle & Nerve"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1987.tb04042.x","article-title":"Myalgia and biochemical changes following intermittent suxamethonium administration","volume":"42","author":"Laurence","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197110072851503","article-title":"Myoglobinemia after single dose of succinylcholine","volume":"285","author":"Ryan","year":"1971","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1971.tb04753.x","article-title":"Suxamethonium pains: hypothesis and observation","volume":"26","author":"Waters","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1978.tb12464.x","article-title":"Suxamethonium and early electrolyte changes","volume":"33","author":"Collier","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/003591577506800219","article-title":"Suxamethonium pain and fasciculations","volume":"68","author":"Collier","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07131.x","article-title":"Myalgia and biochemical changes following suxamethonium after induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone or propofol","volume":"48","author":"Maddineni","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/67.6.764","article-title":"Pathogenesis of suxamethonium-induced muscle damage in the biventer cervicis muscle in the chick","volume":"67","author":"McLoughlin","year":"1991","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1985.tb10941.x","article-title":"Adverse effects of suxamethonium\u2014failure of prevention by atracurium or fazidinium","volume":"40","author":"Budd","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/38.7.510","article-title":"Increase of creatine kinase activity in serum as a sign of muscular injury caused by intermittently administered suxamethonium during halothane anaesthesia","volume":"38","author":"Tammisto","year":"1966","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/73.2.194","article-title":"Influence of dose on suxamethonium-induced muscle damage","volume":"73","author":"McLoughlin","year":"1994","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF33","first-page":"765P","article-title":"Effect of induction of anaesthesia with propofol on suxamethonium-induced myalgia","volume":"71","author":"Sutherland","year":"1993","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF34","series-title":"Anesthesia","first-page":"1033","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia","author":"Gronert","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(96)00171-3","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis and anesthesia: a report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Pedrozzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatric Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF36","series-title":"Problems in Anesthesia. Neuromuscular Relaxants","first-page":"394","article-title":"Should succinylcholine continue to be used routinely in pediatric anesthesia?","author":"Fisher","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03010762","article-title":"Reactivity and toxicity of atracurium and its metabolites in vitro","volume":"36","author":"Nigrovic","year":"1989","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/69.3.288","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity testing of atracurium and laudanosine in the isolated, perfused rat liver","volume":"69","author":"Reckendorfer","year":"1992","journal-title":"British Journal of Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197706000-00004","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid levels of d-tubocurarine in man","volume":"46","author":"Matteo","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF40","unstructured":"Caldwell, J, E"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.66031174.x","article-title":"Effect of dopamine, dimethoxyphenylethylamine, papaverine, and related compounds on mitochondrial respiration and complex I activity","volume":"66","author":"Morikawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198910000-00016","article-title":"Accidental subarachnoid injection of pancuronium","volume":"69","author":"Peduto","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/47.8.889","article-title":"Accidental subarachnoidal injection of gallamine: a case report","volume":"47","author":"Goonewardene","year":"1975","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF44","first-page":"49","article-title":"Action of d-tubocurarine chloride on the CNS of the cat","volume":"5","author":"Salama","year":"1950","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(85)90274-2","article-title":"D-Tubocurarine causes neuronal death when injected directly into rat brain","volume":"89","author":"Dasheiff","year":"1985","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.1.234","article-title":"Neuromuscular blockade in the intensive care unit. More than we bargained for","volume":"147","author":"Hansen-Flaschen","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Diseases"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22530-7","article-title":"The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the metabolite 3-desacetylvecuronium (Org 7268) and its parent compound, vecuronium, in human volunteers","volume":"270","author":"Caldwell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199208203270804","article-title":"Persistent paralysis in critically ill patients after long-term administration of vecuronium","volume":"327","author":"Segredo","year":"1992","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.11.2082","article-title":"Acute quadriplegic myopathy: a complication of treatment with steroids, nondepolarizing blocking agents, or both","volume":"42","author":"Hirano","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-8467(91)90005-A","article-title":"Critical illness polyneuromyopathy after artificial respiration","volume":"93","author":"Op de Coul","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clinical Neurology & Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.4.819","article-title":"Critical illness polyneuropathy. A complication of sepsis and multiple organ failure","volume":"110","author":"Zochodne","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF52","series-title":"Anesthesia","first-page":"1033","article-title":"Pharmacology of muscle relaxants and their antagonists","author":"Savarese","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03259917","article-title":"Adverse reactions and interactions of the neuromuscular blocking drugs","volume":"4","author":"Ostergaard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Medical Toxicology and Adverse Drug Experience"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197901000-00009","article-title":"The autonomic margin of safety of metocurine and d-tubocurarine in the cat","volume":"5","author":"Savarese","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/48.2.59","article-title":"Effect of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents on peripheral autonomic mechanisms in cats","volume":"48","author":"Hughes","year":"1976","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198506000-00003","article-title":"Adverse Effects of Pancuronium during high-dose fentanyl anesthesia for coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"62","author":"Thomson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196201000-00006","article-title":"Succinylcholine and cardiac excitability","volume":"23","author":"Galindo","year":"1962","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/42.7.609","article-title":"The role of the non-depolarizing drugs in the prevention of suxamethonium bradycardia","volume":"42","author":"Mathias","year":"1970","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199405000-00025","article-title":"Activation of brain acetylcholine receptors by neuromuscular blocking drugs. A possible mechanism of neurotoxicity","volume":"80","author":"Cardone","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/64.1.105","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of laudanosine after administration of atracurium","volume":"64","author":"Fahey","year":"1990","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90084-1","article-title":"Interactions between laudanosine, GABA, and opiod subtype receptors: implication for laudanosine seizure activity","volume":"64","author":"Katz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200104000-00019","article-title":"Blockade and activation of the human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by atracurium and laudanosine","volume":"94","author":"Chiodini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200207000-00002","article-title":"Laudanosine, an atracurium and cisatracurium metabolite","volume":"19","author":"Fodale","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1986.tb12918.x","article-title":"Status epilepticus following enflurane anaesthesia","volume":"41","author":"Nicoll","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/47.9.949","article-title":"The inhibition of cholinesterases by pancuronium","volume":"47","author":"Stovner","year":"1975","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF66","first-page":"189","article-title":"Precurarization: influence of atracurium, vecuronium and pancuronium on the duration of succinylcholine effects","volume":"36","author":"Krieg","year":"1995","journal-title":"An\u00e4sthesiologie & Intensivmedizin"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199603000-00011","article-title":"Mivacurium when preceded by pancuronium becomes a long acting muscle relaxant","volume":"84","author":"Erkola","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200009000-00044","article-title":"The mechanism of pancuronium potentiation of mivacurium block: use of the isolated-arm technique","volume":"91","author":"Motamed","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(90)90045-M","article-title":"Inhibition of histamine N -methyltransferase (HNMT) in vitro by neuromuscular relaxants","volume":"39","author":"Futo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF70","first-page":"501","article-title":"Anaesthetic drugs responsible for anaphylactic shock. French multi-center study","volume":"9","author":"Laxanaire","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annales Fran\u00e7aises d'Anesth\u00e9sie et de Reanimation"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01716945","article-title":"Histamine release by neuromuscular blocking agents in man","volume":"60","author":"Moss","year":"1982","journal-title":"Klinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8561(22)00757-3","article-title":"Anaphylaxis","volume":"15","author":"Winbery","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunology & Allergy Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.045003315.x","article-title":"Management of anaphylactic shock evaluated using a full-scale anaesthesia simulator","volume":"45","author":"Jacobson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF74","first-page":"629","article-title":"Suspected toxicity of atracurium in the neonate","volume":"11","author":"Clarkson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Paediatric Anaesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03010854","article-title":"Large doses of vecuronium and plasma histamine release concentrations","volume":"35","author":"Cannon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/bean.2003.0272_RF76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1097\/00001503-199208000-00021","article-title":"Modulation of histamine release by neuromuscular blocking drugs","volume":"5","author":"Basta","year":"1992","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689603902722?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689603902722?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:26:18Z","timestamp":1776425178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521689603902722"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521689603902722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/bean.2003.0272","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-3740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-3740","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Muscle relaxants","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/bean.2003.0272","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}