{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T16:17:27Z","timestamp":1768493847776,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,19]],"date-time":"2002-09-19T09:54:50Z","timestamp":1032429290000},"page":"423-435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Management of male infertility by assisted reproductive technologies"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Herman","family":"Tournaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF1","first-page":"1525","article-title":"Clinical review 64: Pathophysiology and natural history of male infertility","volume":"79","author":"Bhasin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138230","article-title":"Treatment of male infertility: is it effective? Review and meta-analyses of published randomized trials","volume":"8","author":"O\u2019Donovan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3552(97)80007-7","article-title":"Intrauterine insemination: is it an effective treatment for male factor infertility?","volume":"11","author":"Ford","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bailli\u00e8re\u2019s Clinical Obsterics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF4","article-title":"Timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination with or without ovarian hyperstimulation as a treatment for male subfertility","author":"Cohlen","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90106-8","article-title":"Life table analysis of intrauterine insemination pregnancy rates","volume":"158","author":"Lalich","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF6","first-page":"116","article-title":"Sperm washing and intrauterine insemination for cervical factor, oligospermia, immunologic infertility and unexplained infertility","volume":"35","author":"Galle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91205-M","article-title":"Cumulative conception and livebirth rates after in vitro fertilisation","volume":"339","author":"Tan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00250-7","article-title":"Complications of medically assisted conception in 3500 cycles","volume":"70","author":"Serour","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137620","article-title":"Comparison of in-vitro fertilization in male and tubal infertility: a 3 year survey","volume":"7","author":"Tournaye","year":"1992","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04002-7","article-title":"Intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilisation in idiopathic subfertility and male subfertility: a randomised trial and cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"355","author":"Goverde","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019493","article-title":"Tubal transfer: a forgotten ART?","volume":"11","author":"Tournaye","year":"1996","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.suppl_1.76","article-title":"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: laboratory set-up and injection procedure","volume":"13","author":"Joris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF13","first-page":"826","article-title":"Pregnancies after intracytoplasmic injection of single spermatozoon into an oocyte","volume":"1","author":"Palermo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-199606000-00004","article-title":"Update on micromanipulation techniques for assisted conception","volume":"8","author":"Ng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1071\/RD9950219","article-title":"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection\u2014clinical results from the reproductive medicine unit, Adelaide","volume":"7","author":"Payne","year":"1995","journal-title":"Reproduction Fertility and Development"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135803","article-title":"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) versus conventional in vitro fertilization: first results","volume":"10","author":"Calderon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1071\/RD9950263","article-title":"Microfertilization techniques\u2014the Swedish experience","volume":"7","author":"Hamberger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Reproduction Fertility and Development"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135801","article-title":"The role of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in the treatment of patients with borderline semen","volume":"11","author":"Aboulgar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.65","article-title":"Comparison between intracytoplasmic sperm injection and in vitro fertilization (IVF) with high insemination concentration after total fertilization failure in a previous IVF attempt","volume":"14","author":"Kastrop","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00538-X","article-title":"Fertilization after standard in vitro fertilization versus intracytoplasmic sperm injection in subfertile males using sibling oocytes","volume":"71","author":"Pisarska","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.9.2313","article-title":"Controlled comparison of conventional in-vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in patients with asthenozoospermia","volume":"14","author":"Verheyen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.10.2651","article-title":"Cumulative delivery rates after ICSI: a five-years follow-up of 498 patients","volume":"14","author":"Osmanagaoglu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135758","article-title":"Analysis of 76 total-fertilization-failure cycles out of 2732 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF24","series-title":"Male Sterility and Motility Disorders","first-page":"135","article-title":"Clinical aspects of ICSI with immotile sperm","author":"Tournaye","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56754-5","article-title":"Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration and intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a new effective approach to infertility as a result of congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens","volume":"61","author":"Tournaye","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00378-6","article-title":"Fertilization and pregnancy after assisted oocyte activation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in a case of round-headed sperm associated with deficient oocyte activation capacity","volume":"68","author":"Rybouchkin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/00042307-199611000-00010","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology by intracytoplasmic sperm injection in male-factor infertility","volume":"6","author":"Van Steirteghem","year":"1996","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Urology"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.90","article-title":"No differences in outcome after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with fresh or frozen-thawed epididymal sperm","volume":"14","author":"Tournaye","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.suppl_1.71","article-title":"Surgical sperm recovery for intracytoplasmic sperm injection: which method is to be preferred?","volume":"14","author":"Tournaye","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.4.901","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration versus open biopsy for testicular sperm recovery: a controlled study in azoospermic patients with normal spermatogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Tournaye","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(79)80100-8","article-title":"Testicular biopsy in the study of male infertility. Its current usefulness, histologic techniques, and prospects for the future","volume":"10","author":"Levin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Human Pathology"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/10.suppl_1.115","article-title":"Recent concepts in the management of infertility because of non-obstructive azoospermia","volume":"10","author":"Tournaye","year":"1995","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019462","article-title":"Testicular sperm recovery in 47, XXY Klinefelter patients","volume":"11","author":"Tournaye","year":"1996","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019463","article-title":"Preimplantation diagnosis for X and Y normality in embryos from three Klinefelter patients","volume":"11","author":"Staessen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF35","first-page":"69","article-title":"Sperm retrieval for ICSI","volume":"20","author":"Tournaye","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Andrology"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802263380905","article-title":"Births after intracytoplasmic sperm injection of sperm obtained by testicular sperm extraction from men with non-mosaic Klinefelter\u2019s syndrome","volume":"338","author":"Palermo","year":"1998","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.2.368","article-title":"Birth of a healthy neonate following the intracytoplasmic injection of testicular spermatozoa from a patient with Klinefelter\u2019s syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Ron-El","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.1.80","article-title":"Are there any predictive factors for successful testicular sperm recovery?","volume":"12","author":"Tournaye","year":"1997","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.11.3066","article-title":"Correlation of testicular sperm extraction with morphological, biophysical and endocrine profiles in men with azoospermia due to primary gonadal failure","volume":"13","author":"Ezeh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF40","first-page":"2496","article-title":"Serum inhibin B in combination with serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a more sensitive marker than serum FSH alone for impaired spermatogenesis in men, but cannot predict the presence of sperm in testicular tissue samples","volume":"84","author":"von Eckardstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2812","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.10.2812","article-title":"AZFb deletions predict the absence of spermatozoa with testicular sperm extraction: preliminary report of a prognostic genetic test","volume":"13","author":"Brandell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.8.1688","article-title":"Physiological consequences of testicular sperm extraction","volume":"12","author":"Schlegel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.12.3390","article-title":"Serial sonography and colour flow Doppler imaging following testicular and epididymal sperm extraction","volume":"13","author":"Ron-El","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)79518-0","article-title":"Decrease in testosterone blood concentrations after testicular sperm extraction for intracytoplasmic sperm injection in azoospermic men","volume":"352","author":"Manning","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.7.1488","article-title":"Testicular sperm retrieval by percutaneous fine needle sperm aspiration compared with testicular sperm extraction by open biopsy in men with non-obstructive azoospermia","volume":"12","author":"Friedler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.11.3075","article-title":"A prospective study of multiple needle biopsies versus a single open biopsy for testicular sperm extraction in men with non-obstructive azoospermia","volume":"13","author":"Ezeh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.4.439","article-title":"Microdissection TESE: sperm retrieval in non-obstructive azoospermia","volume":"4","author":"Schlegel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019248","article-title":"A new concept for the extraction of testicular spermatozoa as a tool for assisted fertilization (ICSI)","volume":"11","author":"Salzbrunn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.7.1794","article-title":"Testicular sperm retrieval and cryopreservation prior to initiating ovarian stimulation as the first line approach in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia","volume":"14","author":"Ben-Yosef","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.suppl_1.243","article-title":"Seven years of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and follow-up of 1987 children","volume":"14","author":"Bonduelle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7118.1265","article-title":"Major birth defects are overestimated","volume":"7118","author":"Bonduelle","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10168-X","article-title":"Medical and developmental outcome at 1 year for children conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"2","author":"Bowen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF53","first-page":"1535","article-title":"Mental development of 201 children at 2 years of age","volume":"2","author":"Bonduelle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702203360802","article-title":"Microdeletions in the Y chromosome of infertile men","volume":"336","author":"Pryor","year":"1997","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/6.4.291","article-title":"Validation of a simple Yq deletion screening programme in an ICSI candidate population","volume":"6","author":"Van Landuyt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/2.12.943","article-title":"The incidence and possible relevance of Y-linked microdeletions in babies born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and their infertile fathers","volume":"2","author":"Kent-First","year":"1996","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/11.suppl_4.55","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis and infertility caused by congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens and related clinical entities","volume":"11","author":"Lissens","year":"1996","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/3.5.431","article-title":"Comparison of gonosomal aneuploidy in spermatozoa of normal fertile men and those with severe male factor detected by in-situ hybridization","volume":"3","author":"Bernardini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135973","article-title":"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) versus high insemination concentration in vitro fertilization in cases of very severe teratozoospermia","volume":"10","author":"Hall","year":"1995","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)58462-3","article-title":"The use of testicular sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection in patients with necrozoospermia","volume":"66","author":"Tournaye","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0089_RF61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019004","article-title":"Correlation between testicular histology and outcome after intracytoplasmic sperm injection using testicular sperm","volume":"11","author":"Tournaye","year":"1996","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X00900897?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X00900897?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:32:20Z","timestamp":1761496340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X00900897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X00900897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/beem.2000.0089","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Management of male infertility by assisted reproductive technologies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/beem.2000.0089","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}