{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T19:56:50Z","timestamp":1775591810171,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]],"date-time":"1999-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":936144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,19]],"date-time":"2002-09-19T13:54:50Z","timestamp":1032443690000},"page":"391-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The differential diagnosis of generalized pain"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Reilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370812","article-title":"The prevalence and clinical impact of fibromyalgia in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"37","author":"Middleton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340303","article-title":"Symptoms of Raynaud's syndrome in patients with fibromyalgia","volume":"34","author":"Bennett","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF3","first-page":"368","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of 118 patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome: prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon, sicca symptoms, ANA, low complement, and Ig deposition at the dermal-epidermal junction","volume":"13","author":"Dinerman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780271014","article-title":"Immunofluorescent detection of IgG at the dermal-epidermal junction in patients with apparent primary fibrositis syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Caro","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF5","first-page":"475","article-title":"Latent lupus","volume":"16","author":"Ganczarczyk","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF6","first-page":"133","article-title":"An association of fibromyalgia with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a prospective study of 72 patients","volume":"22","author":"Bonafede","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF7","first-page":"281","article-title":"Peripheral arthralgic presentation of fibrositis\/fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Reilly","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF8","first-page":"814","article-title":"Fibrositis (fibromyalgia) in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Wolfe","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1988.tb04364.x","article-title":"Fibromyalgia syndrome among the elderly. Comparison with younger patients","volume":"36","author":"Yunus","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatric Society"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF10","first-page":"980","article-title":"A double blind crossover trial of prednisone versus placebo in the treatment of fibrositis","volume":"12","author":"Clark","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF11","first-page":"415","article-title":"Iliolumbar syndrome as a common cause of low back pain: diagnosis and prognosis","volume":"60","author":"Hirschberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350612","article-title":"Reactive fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Greenfield","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400310","article-title":"Increased rates of fibromyalgia following cervical spine injury. A controlled study of 161 cases of traumatic injury","volume":"40","author":"Buskila","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00031-4","article-title":"Regional myofascial pain syndromes","volume":"15","author":"Campbell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1952.11694280","article-title":"The myofascial genesis of pain","volume":"11","author":"Travell","year":"1952","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF16","first-page":"944","article-title":"The fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndromes: a preliminary study of tender points and trigger points in persons with fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome and no disease","volume":"19","author":"Wolfe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.52.7.494","article-title":"Joint hypermobility and fibromyalgia in schoolchildren","volume":"52","author":"Gedalia","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1790110107","article-title":"Joint hypermobility in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Acasuso-Diaz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Care and Research"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF19","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Symptoms mimicking neurologic disorders in fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Simms","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF20","first-page":"58","article-title":"Confounding features of the fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Bennett","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/32.6.479","article-title":"Pathology of skeletal muscle in fibromyalgia: a histo-immuno-chemical and ultrastructural study","volume":"32","author":"Drewes","year":"1993","journal-title":"British Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(81)90096-2","article-title":"Primary fibromyalgia (fibrositis) syndrome: clinical study of 50 patients with matched normal controls","volume":"11","author":"Yunus","year":"1981","journal-title":"Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF23","first-page":"238","article-title":"Genitourinary manifestations of fibrositis: an increased association with the female urethral syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Wallace","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF24","first-page":"9","volume":"3","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fibromyalgia Times"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(88)90003-0","article-title":"Fibromyalgia and other chronic fatigue syndromes: is there evidence for chronic viral disease?","volume":"18","author":"Goldenberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199002020-00007","article-title":"Fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Reilly","year":"1990","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780301007","article-title":"The `chronic, active Epstein\u2013Barr virus infection' syndrome and primary fibromyalgia","volume":"30","author":"Bushwald","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF28","first-page":"1941","article-title":"Established fibromyalgia syndrome and parvovirus B19 infection","volume":"20","author":"Berg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF29","first-page":"869","article-title":"Editorial: Neuroendocrinologic findings in primary fibromyalgia (soft tissue chronic pain syndrome) and in other chronic rheumatic conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, low back pain)","volume":"17","author":"Ferraccioli","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF30","first-page":"469","article-title":"Altered reactivity of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis in the primary fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Griep","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90019-X","article-title":"Elevated CSF levels of substance P and high incidence of Raynaud phenomenon in patients with fibromyalgia: new features for diagnosis","volume":"32","author":"Vaer\u00f8y","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1300\/J094v01n03_25","article-title":"Diurnal variation in the symptoms and signs of the fibromyalgia syndrome [FS]","volume":"1","author":"Reilly","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1300\/J094v01n03_05","article-title":"A chronobiologic theory of fibromyalgia","volume":"1","author":"Moldofsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Musculosketal Pain"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF34","first-page":"1120","article-title":"Thyroid function in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Neeck","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF35","first-page":"1460","article-title":"Altered sympathetic nervous system response in patients with fibromyalgia (fibrositis syndrome)","volume":"16","author":"Vaer\u00f8y","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF36","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Increased neurogenic inflammation in fibrositis syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Littlejohn","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780351002","article-title":"Somatomedin C levels in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a possible link between sleep and muscle pain","volume":"35","author":"Bennett","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401103","article-title":"The neuroscience and endocrinology of fibromyalgia","volume":"40","author":"Pillemer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF39","first-page":"15","article-title":"Fibromyalgia and psychopathology: is fibromyalgia a form of `affective spectrum disorder'?","volume":"16","author":"Hudson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.4.441","article-title":"Fibromyalgia and major affective disorder: a controlled phenomenology and family history study","volume":"142","author":"Hudson","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.8.950","article-title":"Somatization and depression in fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"145","author":"Kirmayer","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(97)00009-3","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder, tenderness and fibromyalgia","volume":"42","author":"Amir","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF43","first-page":"937","article-title":"Nonphysician treatments and fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Fitzcharles","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780271004","article-title":"Psychological factors associated with primary fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Ahles","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0028_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/32.2.139","article-title":"Primary fibromyalgia syndrome\u2013an outcome study","volume":"32","author":"Ledingham","year":"1993","journal-title":"British Journal of Rheumatology"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694299900281?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694299900281?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T04:58:08Z","timestamp":1682139488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521694299900281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521694299900281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/berh.1999.0028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6942","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}}}