{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T16:23:02Z","timestamp":1776356582890,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,27]],"date-time":"2002-08-27T19:56:12Z","timestamp":1030478172000},"page":"735-744","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Primary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage: A randomized controlled trial comparing band ligation, propranolol, and isosorbide mononitrate"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Hock F.","family":"Lui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian J.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewan H.","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Jalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.Stuart","family":"Hislop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niall D.C.","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alastair J.","family":"Macgilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(81)90144-X","article-title":"The course of patients after variceal haemorrhage","volume":"80","author":"Graham","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280339","article-title":"Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding: an AASLD single topic symposium","volume":"28","author":"Grace","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060119","article-title":"Short-term effects of propranolol on portal venous pressure","volume":"6","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110212","article-title":"Enhancement of portal pressure reduction by the association of isosorbide-5-mononitrate to propranolol administration in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"11","author":"Garcia-Pagan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007133","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension: an evidence-based approach","volume":"19","author":"D'Amico","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199206043262304","article-title":"Endoscopic sclerotherapy as compared with endoscopic ligation for bleeding esophageal varices","volume":"326","author":"Stiegmann","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199904013401302","article-title":"Comparison of endoscopic ligation and propranolol for the primary prevention of variceal bleeding","volume":"340","author":"Sarin","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250608","article-title":"Endoscopic variceal ligation in prophylaxis of first variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with high-risk esophageal varices","volume":"25","author":"Lay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199604000-00010","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of endoscopic variceal band ligation for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding","volume":"8","author":"Sarin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80036-1","article-title":"Prophylactic banding ligation of high-risk esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective, randomized trial","volume":"31","author":"Lo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80489-4","article-title":"A prospective randomized trial between the prophylactic endoscopic variceal ligation and propranolol administration for prevention of first bleeding in cirrhotic patients with high risk esophageal varices (abstr)","volume":"32","author":"Song","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80616-9","article-title":"Prophylactic band ligation of large esophageal varices (abstr)","volume":"32","author":"Omar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.25.2.129","article-title":"Injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices. A prospective randomized trial of different treatment schedules","volume":"25","author":"Westaby","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198810133191505","article-title":"Prediction of first variceal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices. A prospective multicenter study","volume":"319","author":"North Italian Endoscopic Club NIEC for the study and treatment of esophageal varices","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.7.823","article-title":"Recommendations for standards of sedation and patient monitoring during gastrointestinal endoscopy\u2014British Society of Gastroenterology 1991","volume":"32","author":"Bell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(92)90044-P","article-title":"Definitions, methodology and therapeutic strategies in portal hypertension","volume":"15","author":"De Franchis","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib17","first-page":"174","article-title":"Sample size tables for clinical studies","author":"Machin","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9352866","article-title":"Effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate compared with propranolol on first bleeding and long-term survival in cirrhosis","volume":"113","author":"Angelico","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib19","first-page":"A19","article-title":"Band ligation versus propranolol or isosorbide mononitrate in the primary prophylaxis of variceal haemorrhage: preliminary results of a randomised controlled trial (abstr)","volume":"42","author":"Stanley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.1999.01800.x","article-title":"Endoscopic variceal ligation for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleed: preliminary report of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"De","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.23054","article-title":"A meta-analysis of endoscopic variceal ligation for primary prophylaxis of esophageal bleeding","volume":"33","author":"Imperiale","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199904013401309","article-title":"Primary prevention of bleeding from esophageal varices","volume":"340","author":"Burroughs","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-4-199508150-00007","article-title":"Endoscopic ligation compared with sclerotherapy for treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding. A meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Laine","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840220215","article-title":"A prospective, randomized trial of sclerotherapy versus ligation in the management of bleeding esophageal varices","volume":"22","author":"Lo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198710013171403","article-title":"Propranolol in the prevention of first upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and oesophageal varices","volume":"317","author":"Pascal","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(89)90078-0","article-title":"Propranolol prevents first gastrointestinal bleeding in non-ascitic cirrhotic patients. Final report of a multicenter randomized trial","volume":"9","author":"Italian Multicenter Project for Propranolol in Prevention of Bleeding","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105303242202","volume":"324","author":"Poynard","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120624","article-title":"Preventive therapy of first gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: results of a controlled trial comparing propranolol, endoscopic sclerotherapy and placebo","volume":"12","author":"Andreani","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140612","article-title":"Prophylaxis of first haemorrhage from oesophageal varices by sclerotherapy, propranolol or both in cirrhotic patients. A randomized multicenter trial","volume":"14","author":"The PROVA Study Group","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199411000-00007","article-title":"Prediction of oesophageal variceal bleeding: evaluation of the beppu and North Italian Endoscopic Club scores by an independent group","volume":"6","author":"Prada","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8780575","article-title":"Prognostic value of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurements in alcoholic cirrhosis: a 10-year prospective study","volume":"111","author":"Vorobioff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310210","article-title":"Long-term results of a clinical trial of nadolol with or without isosorbide mononitrate for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis","volume":"3","author":"Merkel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib33","first-page":"34","article-title":"Hemodynamic evaluation of the addition of isosorbide-5-mononitrate to nadolol in cirrhotic patients with insufficient response to the beta-blocker alone","volume":"26","author":"Merkel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35385_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199911000-00006","article-title":"Effect of chronic treatment with nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate on liver blood flow and liver metabolic activity in cirrhosis","volume":"11","author":"Merkel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508502001658?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508502001658?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T11:45:36Z","timestamp":1583495136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016508502001658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016508502001658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/gast.2002.35385","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}}}