{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:13:10Z","timestamp":1777698790658,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":5631,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a presumed autoimmune disease of the liver, which predominantly affects women once over the age of 20 years. Most cases are diagnosed when asymptomatic (60%). The antimitochondrial antibody is present in serum in most, but not in all, patients with PBC. The disease generally progresses slowly but survival is less than an age- and gender-matched general population. The symptomatic patient may have fatigue, generalized pruritus, portal hypertension, osteoporosis, skin xanthomata, fat soluble vitamin deficiencies, and\/or recurrent asymptomatic urinary tract infections. Many nonhepatic autoimmune diseases are found in association with PBC and may prompt initial presentation. To date, immunosuppressive therapy has not been shown to prolong survival in PBC. The hydrophilic bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), has been shown when given in a dose of 13 to 15 mg\/kg daily for up to 4 years to delay the time to liver transplantation or death. This therapy also causes a significant improvement of all the biochemical markers of cholestasis but has no beneficial effects on any of the symptoms or associated disorders. Treatment with UDCA does not obviate the need for liver transplantation. Therapies to prevent complications arising from malabsorption, portal hypertension, and\/or osteoporosis are required as well. Good control of pruritus can be achieved in most patients. PBC is diagnosed with increasing frequency, but the agent(s) responsible for this slowly progressive destruction of the interlobular bile ducts remains elusive and hence a specific therapy remains unavailable.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,19]],"date-time":"2004-03-19T18:30:42Z","timestamp":1079721042000},"page":"1005-1013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":326,"title":["Management of primary biliary cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jenny E.","family":"Heathcote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.3.421","volume":"18","author":"Gross","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB2","first-page":"822","volume":"99","author":"Gershwin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.20.2.137","volume":"20","author":"Shapiro","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.149.1.6412283","volume":"149","author":"MacCarty","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB5","first-page":"237","volume":"1","author":"Doniach","year":"1966","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8654","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.22.8654","volume":"85","author":"Fussey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1986.tb02758.x","volume":"220","author":"Jorde","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.22.2.136","volume":"22","author":"Munoz","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.34.496","volume":"34","author":"Kitami","year":"1995","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160408","volume":"16","author":"Caldwell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.4.615","volume":"36","author":"Brind","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB12","first-page":"1919","volume":"19","author":"Vrethem","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(87)80055-7","volume":"5","author":"Zauli","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060609","volume":"6","author":"Mitchison","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)04410-8","volume":"348","author":"Metcalf","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1068269","volume":"112","author":"Brunner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840180103","volume":"18","author":"Ben-Ari","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.2.260","volume":"35","author":"Michieletti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199401000-00009","volume":"18","author":"Taylor","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB20","first-page":"247","volume":"90","author":"Lacerda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E","volume":"105","author":"Czaja","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02065530","volume":"40","author":"Goodman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197309272891306","volume":"289","author":"Sherlock","year":"1973","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90922-4","volume":"90","author":"James","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB25","first-page":"11a","volume":"181","author":"Tadrous","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00432479","volume":"379","author":"Ludwig","year":"1978","journal-title":"Virchows Arch (A)"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198301063080101","volume":"308","author":"Roll","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91802-2","volume":"1","author":"Sherlock","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.5.705","volume":"43","author":"Cauch-Dudek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a1215","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8613012","volume":"110","author":"Huet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-3-199508010-00001","volume":"123","author":"Bergasa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190512","volume":"19","author":"Heathcote","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90771-P","volume":"102","author":"Colina","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-6-855","volume":"103","author":"Hodgson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)85736-4","volume":"118","author":"Heathcote","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289a","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-9139(95)94879-1","volume":"22","author":"Herion","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80125-X","volume":"83","author":"Epstein","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840050522","volume":"5","author":"Laspa","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.1.120","volume":"42","author":"Kingham","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840090403","volume":"9","author":"Munoz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(87)80539-1","volume":"4","author":"Jeffrey","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.25.2.133","volume":"25","author":"Burroughs","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90861-1","volume":"76","author":"Wolke","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6509.1597","volume":"291","author":"Goudie","year":"1985","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120116","volume":"12","author":"Witt-Sullivan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200116","volume":"20","author":"L\u00f6\u00f6f","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260508","volume":"26","author":"Jones","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290511","volume":"29","author":"Nijhawan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(73)90258-1","volume":"55","author":"Golding","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB50","first-page":"365","volume":"57","author":"Culp","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1995.tb00110.x","volume":"15","author":"Inoue","year":"1995","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)30497-4","volume":"78","author":"Crowe","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009532","volume":"12","author":"Mang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(71)90218-X","volume":"50","author":"Reynolds","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1979.03630390065024","volume":"139","author":"Marx","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90636-6","volume":"92","author":"Bush","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(94)94899-2","volume":"106","author":"Jazrawi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70239-7","volume":"112","author":"Setchell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90653-T","volume":"104","author":"G\u00fcld\u00fctana","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90855-S","volume":"103","author":"Calmus","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199405123301903","volume":"330","author":"Poupon","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90021-3","volume":"106","author":"Lindor","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB63","first-page":"759","volume":"22","author":"Combes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70183-5","volume":"113","author":"Poupon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB65","first-page":"389","volume":"21","author":"Lindor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-4884-9_10","volume-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis: from pathogenesis to treatment","author":"Huet","year":"1998","unstructured":"Portal hypertension in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. In: eds. Primary biliary cirrhosis: from pathogenesis to treatment. London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1998;87-91."},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80293-5","volume":"25","author":"Van de Meeberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.4065\/72.12.1137","volume":"72","author":"Lindor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB69","first-page":"1158","volume":"22","author":"Lindor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90696-7","volume":"108","author":"Vuoristo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB71","first-page":"84","volume":"44","author":"Wolfhagen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90213-6","volume":"89","author":"Christensen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90422-9","volume":"104","author":"Lombard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(92)90065-W","volume":"15","author":"Mitchison","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90085-Y","volume":"101","author":"Kaplan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastoenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1999.0029900400","volume":"117","author":"Hendrickse","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198906293202602","volume":"320","author":"Markus","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90643-4","volume":"97","author":"Polson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840180617","volume":"18","author":"Balan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840100102","volume":"10","author":"Dickson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250330","volume":"25","author":"Ricci","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB82","first-page":"1148","volume":"23","author":"Kilmurry","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500050419","volume":"5","author":"Heathcote","year":"1999","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91091-J","volume":"98","author":"Balasubramaniam","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00770.x","volume":"94","author":"Springer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.6.935","volume":"36","author":"Jorgensen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840150518","volume":"15","author":"Crippin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840170408","volume":"17","author":"Poupon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB89","author":"Datta","year":"1963","unstructured":"Treatment of pruritus of obstructive jaundice with cholestyramine. BMJ 1963;216-219."},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB90","first-page":"1328","volume":"290","author":"Javitt","year":"1974","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90442-8","volume":"94","author":"Ghent","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90335-V","volume":"102","author":"Bachs","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB93","first-page":"117","volume":"82","author":"Ghent","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6662.1501","volume":"297","author":"Thornton","year":"1988","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9322521","volume":"113","author":"Wolfhagen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB96","first-page":"1081","volume":"92","author":"Grace","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200617","volume":"20","author":"Boyer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB98","first-page":"47","volume":"89","author":"Crippin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-9139(94)90098-1","volume":"20","author":"Camisasca","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80048-7","volume":"26","author":"Wolfhagen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199302183280702","volume":"328","author":"Reid","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(92)90066-X","volume":"15","author":"Guanabens","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140215","volume":"14","author":"Eastell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.4.580","volume":"37","author":"Davies","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984-BIB105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1993.tb00652.x","volume":"13","author":"Olsson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Liver"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1053%2Fhe.2000.5984","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-200004000-00026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T11:29:18Z","timestamp":1733052558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-200004000-00026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/he.2000.5984","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]}}}