{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:42:21Z","timestamp":1792629741976,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","ackdjournal.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T23:03:21Z","timestamp":1534806201000},"page":"358-365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pseudo-Renal Tubular Acidosis: Conditions Mimicking Renal Tubular Acidosis"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Junior","family":"Uduman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1003327","article-title":"Physiological approach to assessment of acid-base disturbances","volume":"371","author":"Berend","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0890-0","article-title":"Renal tubular acidosis is highly prevalent in critically ill patients","volume":"19","author":"Brunner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.7.975","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of renal tubular acidosis in patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis and in non-porotic controls","volume":"15","author":"Weger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib4","first-page":"1403","article-title":"What was wrong with Tiny Tim?","volume":"146","author":"Lewis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09450911","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of nongap metabolic acidosis: value of a systematic approach","volume":"7","author":"Kraut","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib6","series-title":"Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-base Physiology: A Problem-based Approach","first-page":"73","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis","author":"Halperin","year":"1999"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4273","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs493","article-title":"Proximal renal tubular acidosis: a not so rare disorder of multiple etiologies","volume":"27","author":"Haque","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198005000-00001","article-title":"Simple and mixed acid-base disorders: a practical approach","volume":"59","author":"Narins","year":"1980","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103076","article-title":"The extrarenal response to acute acid-base disturbances of respiratory origin","volume":"34","author":"Giebisch","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105163242003","article-title":"Chronic respiratory alkalosis. The effect of sustained hyperventilation on renal regulation of acid-base equilibrium","volume":"324","author":"Krapf","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib11","series-title":"Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology","first-page":"149","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis","author":"Palmer","year":"2014"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198803103181002","article-title":"The use of the urinary anion gap in the diagnosis of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis","volume":"318","author":"Batlle","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-198610000-00003","article-title":"The urine anion gap: a clinically useful index of ammonium excretion","volume":"292","author":"Goldstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012457","article-title":"Hypocapnia","volume":"347","author":"Laffey","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1975.130","article-title":"Renal response to short-term hypocapnia in man","volume":"8","author":"Gledhill","year":"1975","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib16","first-page":"F21","article-title":"Effects of acute alterations in PCO2 on proximal HCO3\u2013, Cl\u2013, and H2O reabsorption","volume":"246","author":"Cogan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib17","series-title":"Acid-Base","first-page":"349","article-title":"Respiratory alkalosis","author":"Gennari","year":"1982"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106973","article-title":"The nature of the renal\u00a0adaptation to chronic hypocapnia","volume":"51","author":"Gennari","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"Suppl 16","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib19","first-page":"S85","article-title":"Renal acidification responses to respiratory acid-base disorders","volume":"23","author":"Madias","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib20","first-page":"F390","article-title":"Effect of respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis on renal transport enzymes","volume":"267","author":"Eiam-ong","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801581","article-title":"Arterial blood gases and oxygen content in climbers on Mount Everest","volume":"360","author":"Grocott","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108418","article-title":"Regulation of acid-base equilibrium in chronic hypocapnia. Evidence that the response of the kidney is not geared to the defense of extracellular (H+)","volume":"57","author":"Cohen","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01095965","article-title":"Renal tubular acidosis (RTA): recognize the ammonium defect and pHorget the urine pH","volume":"5","author":"Carlisle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198701153160305","article-title":"Urinary sodium in the evaluation of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis","volume":"316","author":"Batlle","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2006.11.001","article-title":"Acid-base and potassium disorders in liver disease","volume":"26","author":"Ahya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03770417","article-title":"Urine anion gap to predict urine ammonium and related outcomes in kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Raphael","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c120010","article-title":"Renal ammonia metabolism and transport","volume":"3","author":"Weiner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000252","article-title":"Central neurogenic hyperventilation and renal tubular acidosis in children with pontine gliomas","volume":"82","author":"Ledet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012937204315","article-title":"Compulsory hyperventilation and hypocapnia of patients with Leigh syndrome associated with SURF1 gene mutations as a cause of low serum bicarbonates","volume":"24","author":"Pronicka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib30","series-title":"National Kidney Foundation's Primer on Kidney Diseases","first-page":"98","article-title":"Approach to acid-base disorder","author":"Mehta","year":"2014"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu289","article-title":"Acid-base disturbances in intensive care patients: etiology, pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"30","author":"Al-Jaghbeer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(86)80089-7","article-title":"Acid-base disturbances in liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Oster","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01510.x","article-title":"Acid-base disturbances in critically ill patients with cirrhosis","volume":"27","author":"Funk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01013.x","article-title":"Equilibrium of acidifying and alkalinizing metabolic acid-base disorders in cirrhosis","volume":"25","author":"Funk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000382","article-title":"Acid-base disturbance in patients with cirrhosis: relation to hemodynamic dysfunction","volume":"27","author":"Henriksen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/14.6.1599","article-title":"Acid-base abnormalities in a patient with hepatic cirrhosis","volume":"14","author":"Milionis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250110","article-title":"The hyperventilation of cirrhosis: progesterone and estradiol effects","volume":"25","author":"Lustik","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.03.025","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of respiratory alkalosis","volume":"60","author":"Palmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F969","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00010.2011","article-title":"Cellular and molecular basis of increased ammoniagenesis in potassium\u00a0deprivation","volume":"301","author":"Abu Hossain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis or respiratory Alkalosis? Evaluation of a low plasma bicarbonate using the urine anion gap","volume":"70","author":"Batlle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V181019","article-title":"Glue-sniffing and distal renal tubular acidosis: sticking to the facts","volume":"1","author":"Carlisle","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1159\/000185057","article-title":"On the mechanism of toluene-induced renal tubular acidosis","volume":"49","author":"Batlle","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(96)90029-3","article-title":"Evaluation of urine acidification by urine anion gap and urine osmolal gap in chronic metabolic acidosis","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.09.013","article-title":"Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis: a clinical approach to evaluation","volume":"69","author":"Rastegar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1159\/000188374","article-title":"Modified urine osmolal gap: an accurate method for estimating the urinary ammonium concentration?","volume":"69","author":"Meregalli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197710202971606","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis after sulfur ingestion","volume":"297","author":"Blum","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.06.003","article-title":"Pseudohypobicarbonatemia caused by an endogenous assay interferent: a new entity","volume":"58","author":"Goldwasser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.27.1.16","article-title":"Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in diabetes mellitus: a case report and\u00a0discussion of pathophysiologic mechanisms","volume":"27","author":"Hammeke","year":"1978","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.13791217","article-title":"The urine anion gap in context","volume":"13","author":"Batlle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61590-8","article-title":"Metabolic consequences of continent urinary diversion","volume":"161","author":"Mills","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65378-3","article-title":"Inhibition of the sodium\/hydrogen antiport by ammonium ion","volume":"157","author":"Stampfer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1177\/009127009203200608","article-title":"Cholestyramine-induced hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis","volume":"32","author":"Scheel","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37517-1","article-title":"Metabolic complications of urinary intestinal diversion","volume":"147","author":"McDougal","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2008.059923","article-title":"Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis","volume":"25","author":"Fan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"}],"container-title":["Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1548559518300855?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1548559518300855?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T21:42:55Z","timestamp":1661809375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1548559518300855"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1548559518300855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1548-5595"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1548-5595","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pseudo-Renal Tubular Acidosis: Conditions Mimicking Renal Tubular Acidosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.05.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}