{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T01:57:02Z","timestamp":1768442222992,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajkd.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,11]],"date-time":"2009-06-11T04:34:30Z","timestamp":1244694870000},"page":"546-553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: A Review of the Pathogenesis and Approaches to Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Swartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.09.025","article-title":"Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis treatment with colchicines and steroids: A case series","volume":"53","author":"Vega","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)69482-5","article-title":"Bilateral ureteral obstruction due to envelopment and compression by an inflammatory retroperitoneal process","volume":"59","author":"Ormond","year":"1948","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib3","first-page":"729","article-title":"The protean manifestations of sclerosing fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"Buckberg","year":"1966","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib4","first-page":"654","article-title":"Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: A restrospective analysis of 60 cases","volume":"63","author":"Baker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.08.033","article-title":"Immunosuppressive therapy for idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: A retrospective analysis of 26 cases","volume":"116","author":"Marcolongo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2006.06210.x","article-title":"Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: The case for non-surgical treatment","volume":"98","author":"Ilie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68035-5","article-title":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"367","author":"Vaglio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-2-200601170-00007","article-title":"Brief communication: Tamoxifen therapy for nonmalignant retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"144","author":"Von Bommel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP69260","article-title":"Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: A role for mycophenolate mofetil","volume":"65","author":"Swartz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c213","DOI":"10.1159\/000119715","article-title":"Successful use of steroids and ureteric stents in 24 patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: A retrospective study","volume":"108","author":"Fry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.73.866.10884739","article-title":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis: Typical and atypical manifestations","volume":"73","author":"Vivas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib12","first-page":"248","article-title":"Unusual presentation of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: Case report","volume":"85","author":"Twahirwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"E Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90089-1","article-title":"Idiopathic retroperitoneal and mediastinal fibrosis mimicking connective tissue disease","volume":"82","author":"Morad","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2007.166033","article-title":"Mediastinal fibrosis in a patient with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Bahler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61424-4","article-title":"Constrictive pericarditis associated with combined idiopathic retroperitoneal and mediastinal fibrosis","volume":"59","author":"Hanley","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib16","first-page":"51","article-title":"Combined idiopathic retroperitoneal and mediastinal fibrosis with pericardial involvement","volume":"52","author":"Klisnick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.69.760","article-title":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis with periaortic and pericardial involvement","volume":"6","author":"Amiya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340100697","article-title":"Orbital pseudotumor due to Ormond's disease: MR imaging and CT findings","volume":"44","author":"Reittner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(80)90236-6","article-title":"Ureteral obstruction secondary to Crohn's disease: A need for ureterolysis?","volume":"139","author":"Siminovitch","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200207000-00013","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis and idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: A rare association","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib21","first-page":"779","article-title":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody","volume":"23","author":"Kaipiainen-Seppanen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP70251","article-title":"Association of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and antiproteinase 3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody","volume":"70","author":"Martinez-Odriozola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2177\/jsci.29.1","article-title":"The significance of disease-independence in Mikulicz's disease","volume":"29","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsh Men Gak Kaishi"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2008.01987.x","article-title":"Retroperitoneal infiltration as the first sign of Erdheim-Chester disease","volume":"15","author":"Colin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(66)90098-2","article-title":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis with disseminated vasculitis and intraphepatic sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"40","author":"Hellstrom","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-74-2-240","article-title":"Renal amyloidosis with nephritic syndrome associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"74","author":"Littman","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3109\/00365597509180916","article-title":"Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Waaler","year":"1975","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10267","article-title":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis: An extra-articular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"47","author":"Leblanc","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib29","first-page":"769","article-title":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis: A clinical analysis of 18 cases","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)61457-5","article-title":"Non-idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"105","author":"Cerny","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1978.01370240078014","article-title":"Abdominal aortic aneurysm and retroperitoneal fibrosis: Ultrasonic diagnosis and treatment","volume":"113","author":"Henry","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib32","first-page":"159","article-title":"Perianeurysmal fibrosis and ureteric obstruction: Case report and review of literature","volume":"18","author":"Rault","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm071","article-title":"When can we really diagnose idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis?","volume":"22","author":"Wolyniec","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)61458-7","article-title":"Urinary leakage and retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"105","author":"Mitchinson","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)54612-1","article-title":"Renal papillary necrosis and retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to analgesic abuse","volume":"126","author":"Finan","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib36","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hosp","volume":"293","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1981.tb04628.x","article-title":"Anuric renal failure due to encasement of the ureters by lymphoma\u2014Ureteric obstruction without dilatation","volume":"11","author":"Chong","year":"1981","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196602172740701","article-title":"Fibrotic disorders associated with methysergide therapy for headache","volume":"274","author":"Graham","year":"1966","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197607082950224","article-title":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis and methyldopa","volume":"295","author":"Olsson","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.19.18.1437.30888","article-title":"Treatment of Parkinson's disease with ropinirole after pergolide-induced retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Lund","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib41","first-page":"389","article-title":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis caused by pergolide in a patient with Parkinson's disease","volume":"62","author":"Bilici","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-3-29","article-title":"Asbestos-related pleural and lung fibrosis in patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Uibi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.029793","article-title":"Immunosuppressive treatment of chronic periaortisis: A retrospective study of 20 patients with chronic periaortitis and a review of the literature","volume":"64","author":"Warnatz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib44","first-page":"51","article-title":"Experience in the treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"72","author":"Tallarigo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0339(199907)21:1<22::AID-DC7>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Fine-needle aspiration findings in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Dash","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(70)90116-6","article-title":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"48","author":"Jones","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-003-1175-y","article-title":"A new clinicopathological entity of IgG4-related autoimmune disease","volume":"38","author":"Kamisawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002427","article-title":"Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: Clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis","volume":"72","author":"Corradi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-4-23","article-title":"Hyper-IgG4 disease: Report and characterization of a new disease","volume":"4","author":"Nelid","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.0183","article-title":"Renal lesions in IgG4-related systemic disease","volume":"46","author":"Saeki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520701731263","article-title":"Appropriate steroid therapy for autoimmune pancreatitis based on long-term outcome","volume":"43","author":"Kamisawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.02.268","article-title":"Long-term renal and patient outcomes in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis treated with prednisone","volume":"49","author":"Von Bommel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01805.x","article-title":"Clinical value of gallium-67 SPECT scintigraphy in the diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of retroperitoneal fibrosis: A prospective study","volume":"262","author":"Von Bommel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-007-0077-0","article-title":"Hypermetabolic activity in patients with active retroperitoneal fibrosis on F-18 FDG PET: Report of three cases","volume":"22","author":"Yong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.44.1215","article-title":"Autoimmune pancreatitis","volume":"12","author":"Okazaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21698","article-title":"Chronic aortitis and HLA-DRB1*03: Another clue to autoimmune origin","volume":"55","author":"Martorana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.10.026","article-title":"Minimally invasive management of retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"71","author":"Stifelman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib58","first-page":"699","article-title":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"150","author":"Larrieu","year":"1980","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.01.030","article-title":"Comparison of laparoscopic with open approach to ureterolysis in patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"179","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib60","first-page":"749","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis: Report of 26 cases","volume":"46","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wai K Z Zhi"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64677-0","article-title":"Steroid therapy for idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: Dose and duration","volume":"168","author":"Kardar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.03.057","article-title":"Combined prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil treatment for retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"178","author":"Scheel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken291","article-title":"Successful mycophenolate mofetil therapy in nine patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"47","author":"Adler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1971.00310200131017","article-title":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"128","author":"Morandi","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)56683-5","article-title":"Steroids in the treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"121","author":"Moody","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.4.427","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis using cyclosporine","volume":"60","author":"Marzano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-003-0801-7","article-title":"Improvement of Erdheim-Chester disease in two patients by sequential treatment with vinblastine and mycophenolate mofetil","volume":"23","author":"Jendro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60533-8","article-title":"Treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis by mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroids","volume":"352","author":"Grotz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph0023","article-title":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis presenting as acute renal failure","volume":"1","author":"Reilly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel417","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance of remission in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"46","author":"Jois","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-007-0826-4","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Khalil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP70172","article-title":"A paraneoplastic retroperitoneal fibrosis resistant to corticosteroids treated with tamoxifen","volume":"70","author":"Costanzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23696","article-title":"Imatinib mesylate treatment of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis","volume":"58","author":"Kay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638609007203?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638609007203?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T01:52:17Z","timestamp":1759456337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272638609007203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272638609007203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-6386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-6386","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: A Review of the Pathogenesis and Approaches to Treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}