{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T17:11:53Z","timestamp":1781716313045,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajkd.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T06:03:16Z","timestamp":1357192996000},"page":"1001-1015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Central Vein Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Anil K.","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1(suppl 1)","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"USRDS 2010 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States","volume":"57","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80772-4","article-title":"Subclavian vein stenosis and thrombosis: a potential serious complication in chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"15","author":"Clark","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1988.124","article-title":"Hemodialysis-associated subclavian vein stenosis","volume":"33","author":"Schwab","year":"1988","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a091691","article-title":"Subclavian stenosis: a major complication of subclavian dialysis catheters","volume":"3","author":"Barrett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib5","first-page":"119","article-title":"Central vein stenosis in patients with prior subclavian vein catheterization for maintenance dialysis","volume":"8","author":"Al-Salman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MAT.0000151921.95165.1E","article-title":"Central vein stenosis: a common problem in patients on hemodialysis","volume":"51","author":"MacRae","year":"2005","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib7","first-page":"368A","article-title":"Central venous stenosis in hemodialysis patients is a common complication of ipsilateral central vein catheterization [abstract]","volume":"15","author":"Agarwal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib8","first-page":"131","article-title":"Distribution and severity of stenoses in functioning arteriovenous grafts: a duplex and angiographic study","volume":"20","author":"MacDonald","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Vasc Technol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib9","first-page":"975","article-title":"Prevalence of central vein stenosis following catheterization in patients with end-stage renal disease","volume":"21","author":"Naroienejad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh216","article-title":"Venography at insertion of tunneled internal jugular vein dialysis catheters reveals significant occult stenosis","volume":"19","author":"Taal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1594.2000.06658.x","article-title":"Late symptomatic venous stenosis in three hemodialysis patients without previous central venous catheters","volume":"24","author":"Morosetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2004.11.006","article-title":"Central venous stenosis in hemodialysis patients without a previous history of catheter placement","volume":"55","author":"Oguzkurt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e3182246bf8","article-title":"Central venous stenosis among hemodialysis patients is often not associated with previous central venous catheters","volume":"57","author":"Komodo","year":"2011","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1177\/1478271520053502018","article-title":"Central vein stenosis in end stage renal failure patients","volume":"35","author":"Kohl","year":"2005","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Edinb"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V981507","article-title":"Subclavian vascular access stenosis in dialysis patients: natural history and risk factors","volume":"9","author":"Hernandez","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/6.10.722","article-title":"Post catheterization vein stenosis in hemodialysis: comparative angiographic study of 50 subclavian and 50 internal jugular accesses","volume":"6","author":"Schilling","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1159\/000185837","article-title":"Superiority of the internal jugular over the subclavian access for temporary dialysis","volume":"54","author":"Cimochowski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2003.12.004","article-title":"Impact of short-term hemodialysis catheters on the central veins: a catheter venographic study","volume":"52","author":"Oguzkurt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib19","first-page":"501","article-title":"Prevalence of stenosis and thrombosis of central veins in hemodialysis after a tunneled jugular catheter","volume":"22","author":"Jean","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrologie"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-199907000-00019","article-title":"Venous stenosis and thrombosis associated with the use of internal jugular vein catheters for hemodialysis","volume":"45","author":"Jassal","year":"1999","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61471-7","article-title":"Importance of US findings in access planning during jugular vein hemodialysis catheter placements","volume":"11","author":"Forauer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2283020681","article-title":"Internal jugular vein thrombosis associated with hemodialysis catheters","volume":"228","author":"Wilkin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2006.12.721","article-title":"Three-dimensional anatomy of the left central veins: implications for dialysis catheter placement","volume":"18","author":"Salik","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-0770(99)90075-7","article-title":"Cross sectional area of the right and left internal jugular veins","volume":"13","author":"Lobato","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2004.07316.x","article-title":"Right versus left internal jugular vein catheterization for hemodialysis: complications and impact on ipsilateral access creation","volume":"28","author":"Salgado","year":"2004","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000106393.63463.DE","article-title":"Extrinsic compression of the left innominate vein in hemodialysis patients","volume":"15","author":"Maxim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2011.05.008","article-title":"Management of central vein stenoses and occlusions: the critical importance of the costoclavicular junction","volume":"24","author":"Illig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.7.1520","article-title":"Iliac vein stenosis secondary to femoral catheter placement","volume":"16","author":"Hegarty","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(99)00093-8","article-title":"High incidence of intravenous thrombi after short-term central venous catheterization of the internal jugular vein","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61797-7","article-title":"Venous thrombosis related to peripherally inserted venous catheters","volume":"11","author":"Grove","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib31","first-page":"937","article-title":"Peripherally inserted central venous catheters","volume":"28","author":"Ryder","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nurs Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61307-4","article-title":"Venous thrombosis associated with placement of peripherally inserted central catheters","volume":"11","author":"Allen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-002-2628-z","article-title":"Incidence of central vein stenosis and occlusion following upper extremity PICC and port placement","volume":"26","author":"Gonsalves","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.05.007","article-title":"Association between prior peripherally inserted central catheters and lack of functioning arteriovenous fistulas: a case-control study in hemodialysis patients","volume":"60","author":"El Ters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000186387","article-title":"Subclavian vein stenosis, permanent cardiac pacemakers and the haemodialysed patient","volume":"58","author":"Korzets","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1159\/000046284","article-title":"An occult cause of arteriovenous access failure: central vein stenosis from permanent pacemaker wire","volume":"21","author":"Chuang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2009.06.003","article-title":"Central vein stenosis: current concepts","volume":"16","author":"Agarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.114195","article-title":"Prevalence of central venous occlusion in patients with chronic defibrillator leads","volume":"141","author":"Sticherling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.01301.x","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of upper extremity deep vein lesions after permanent transvenous pacemaker implant: a 6-month follow-up prospective study","volume":"25","author":"Da Costa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eupc.2003.09.001","article-title":"Incidence of venous obstruction following insertion of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. A study of systematic contrast venography on patients presenting for their first elective ICD generator replacement","volume":"6","author":"Lickfett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-005-1140-1","article-title":"Venous thrombosis and stenosis after implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators","volume":"13","author":"Rozmus","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Interv Cardiac Electrophys"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.01605.x","article-title":"The incidence and risk factors for venous obstruction after implantation of transvenous pacing leads","volume":"25","author":"Oginosawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"PACE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.05.005","article-title":"Transvenous cardiac device wires and vascular access in hemodialysis patients","volume":"58","author":"Drew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027163","article-title":"Unsuspected subclavian stenosis resulting from a permanent pacing wire","volume":"11","author":"Deighan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1007\/s10016-003-0048-4","article-title":"Symptomatic subclavian vein stenosis and occlusion in hemodialysis patients with transvenous pacemakers","volume":"17","author":"Teruya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(05)80013-7","article-title":"Oxidative stress and increased expression of growth factors in lesions of failed hemodialysis access","volume":"37","author":"Weiss","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.168.2.2969117","article-title":"Axillary and subclavian vein stenosis: percutaneous angioplasty","volume":"168","author":"Glanz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/359848a0","article-title":"Leukocyte accumulation promoting fibrin deposition is mediated by P-selectin on adherent platelets","volume":"359","author":"Palabrica","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(05)80013-7","article-title":"Oxidative stress and increased expression of growth factors in lesions of failed hemodialysis access","volume":"37","author":"Weiss","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib50","first-page":"235","article-title":"Subclavian vein thrombosis: a frequent complication of subclavian vein cannulation for hemodialysis","volume":"26","author":"Vanherweghem","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1971.01350040115023","article-title":"Fibrin sleeve formation on indwelling subclavian central venous catheters","volume":"102","author":"Hoshal","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2402031129","article-title":"Jugular vein catheter placement: histologic features and development of catheter-related (fibrin) sheaths in a swine model","volume":"240","author":"Forauer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510370066034","article-title":"The relationship between the thrombotic and infectious complications of central venous catheters","volume":"271","author":"Raad","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(98)70200-9","article-title":"Central venous catheter failure is induced by injury and can be prevented by stabilizing the catheter tip","volume":"28","author":"Kohler","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3109\/00313028609090832","article-title":"Venous response to endothelial denudation","volume":"18","author":"Manderson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(92)72000-4","article-title":"Directional atherectomy treatment for hemodialysis access: early results","volume":"3","author":"Gray","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000086531.86489.4C","article-title":"Histologic changes in the human vein wall adjacent to central venous catheters","volume":"14","author":"Forauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-199506000-00008","article-title":"Percutaneously inserted Silastic jugular hemodialysis catheters seldom cause jugular vein thrombosis","volume":"41","author":"Agraharkar","year":"1995","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.1994.tb02197.x","article-title":"The incidence of subclavian vein stenosis using silicone catheters for hemodialysis","volume":"18","author":"Beenen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607188012002190","article-title":"Mechanism of thrombogenesis during total parenteral nutrition: role of catheter composition","volume":"12","author":"Di Costanzo","year":"1988","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib61","first-page":"227","article-title":"Subclavian catheter-related infection is a major risk factor for the late development of subclavian vein stenosis","volume":"8","author":"Hernandez","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib62","first-page":"106","article-title":"Central venous stenosis in systemic lupus erythematosus associated ESRD","volume":"21","author":"Waheed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(97)70585-2","article-title":"Changes in catheter tip position when a patient is upright","volume":"8","author":"Nazarian","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib64","first-page":"1364","article-title":"Retrograde flow in the left inferior petrosal sinus and blood steal of the cavernous sinus associated with central vein stenosis: MR angiographic findings","volume":"24","author":"Paksoy","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1177\/096721099700500514","article-title":"Central venous stenosis in the hemodialysis patient: incidence and efficacy of endovascular treatment","volume":"5","author":"Lumsden","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib66","series-title":"Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative: Clinical Practice Guidelines for Vascular Access","first-page":"20","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(98)70424-5","article-title":"Importance of Doppler analysis of transmitted atrial waveforms prior to placement of central venous access catheters","volume":"9","author":"Rose","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.02.062","article-title":"Criteria for defining significant central vein stenosis with duplex ultrasound","volume":"46","author":"Labropoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0658","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edition)","volume":"133","author":"Kearon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp052","article-title":"2008 SOR guidelines for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis associated with central venous catheters in patients with cancer: report from the working group","volume":"20","author":"Debourdeau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib71","first-page":"57","article-title":"Three-dimensional contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (3-D CE-MRA) in the evaluation of hemodialysis access complications, and the condition of central veins in patients who are candidates for hemodialysis access","volume":"7","author":"Paksoy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.09.015","article-title":"Highly increased cell proliferation activity in the restenotic hemodialysis vascular access after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: implication in prevention of restenosis","volume":"43","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2383050119","article-title":"Asymptomatic central venous stenosis in hemodialysis patients","volume":"238","author":"Levit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9 Pt 2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib74","first-page":"S247","article-title":"Quality improvement guidelines for percutaneous management of the thrombosed or dysfunctional dialysis access","volume":"14","author":"Aruny","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/112972981001100206","article-title":"Long thoracic vein embolization for the treatment of breast edema associated with central venous occlusion and venous hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib76","first-page":"S137","article-title":"Guideline 20. K\/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Vascular Access, 2000","volume":"37","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1992.431","article-title":"Percutaneous transvenous angioplasty in the treatment of vascular access stenosis","volume":"42","author":"Beathard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.156","article-title":"Correction of central venous stenoses: use of angioplasty and vascular Wallstents","volume":"45","author":"Kovalik","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(95)71200-3","article-title":"Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty versus endovascular stent placement in the treatment of venous stenosis in patients undergoing hemodialysis: intermediate results","volume":"5","author":"Quinn","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2002.1943","article-title":"Central vein obstruction in hemodialysis patients: results of radiological and surgical intervention","volume":"26","author":"Dammers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/153857440403800407","article-title":"Endovascular management of central venous stenoses in the hemodialysis patient: results of percutaneous therapy","volume":"38","author":"Surowiec","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.046","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of primary angioplasty and primary stenting of central venous stenosis in hemodialysis patients","volume":"45","author":"Bakken","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-4449(12)80044-6","article-title":"The treatment of vascular access graft dysfunction: a nephrologist's view and experience","volume":"1","author":"Beathard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv Ren Replace Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2003.030","article-title":"Endovascular treatment of central venous stenoses in patients with dialysis shunts","volume":"147","author":"Buriankova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomed Papers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1991.185","article-title":"Mechanisms of angioplasty in hemodialysis fistula stenoses evaluated by intravascular ultrasound","volume":"40","author":"Davidson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.170.2.2521397","article-title":"Venous stenoses in dialysis shunts: treatment with self-expanding metallic stents","volume":"170","author":"Gunther","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9 Pt 2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib87","first-page":"S247","article-title":"Quality improvement guidelines for percutaneous management of the thrombosed or dysfunctional dialysis access. Standards of Practice Committee of the Society of Cardiovascular & Interventional Radiology","volume":"14","author":"Aruny","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2008.00496.x","article-title":"Hemodialysis catheter-associated central venous stenosis","volume":"21","author":"Yevzlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.195.2.7724770","article-title":"Use of Wallstents for hemodialysis access-related venous stenoses and occlusions untreatable with balloon angioplasty","volume":"195","author":"Gray","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.212.1.r99jl21175","article-title":"Treatment of hemodialysis-related central venous stenosis or occlusion: results of primary Wallstent placement and follow-up in 50 patients","volume":"212","author":"Haage","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2007.00246.x","article-title":"Treatment of refractory central vein stenosis in hemodialysis patients with stents","volume":"20","author":"Maya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000129915.48500.DC","article-title":"SMART stent for salvage of hemodialysis access grafts","volume":"15","author":"Vogel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(95)72828-7","article-title":"Comparison of Gianturco Z stents and Wallstents in a hemodialysis access graft animal model","volume":"6","author":"Trerotola","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-002-1953-6","article-title":"Shortening and migration of Wallstents after stenting of central venous stenoses in hemodialysis patients","volume":"26","author":"Verstandig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib95","first-page":"166","article-title":"Metallic stenting for treatment of central venous obstruction in hemodialysis patients","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2000.107988","article-title":"Stent placement for treatment of central and peripheral venous obstruction: a long-term multi-institutional experience","volume":"32","author":"Oderich","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2010.01.044","article-title":"Review of central venous disease in hemodialysis patients","volume":"21","author":"Kundu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(96)72863-4","article-title":"Cragg covered stents in hemodialysis access: initial and midterm results","volume":"7","author":"Sapoval","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s002709900369","article-title":"Access-related venous stenoses and occlusions: treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and Dacron-covered stents","volume":"22","author":"Farber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2011.06.002","article-title":"Long-term results of stent-graft placement to treat central venous stenosis and occlusion in hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"22","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-010-0019-4","article-title":"Use of PTFE stent grafts for hemodialysis-related central venous occlusions: intermediate-term results","volume":"34","author":"Kundu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.03.260","article-title":"Efficacy of covered stent placement for central venous occlusive disease in hemodialysis patients","volume":"54","author":"Anaya-Ayala","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2654","article-title":"Long-term results of angioplasty and stent placement for treatment of central venous obstruction in 126 hemodialysis patients: a 10-year single-center experience","volume":"193","author":"Ozyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-009-9511-0","article-title":"Percutaneous treatment of central venous stenosis in hemodialysis patients: long-term outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.046","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of primary angioplasty and primary stenting of central venous stenosis in hemodialysis patients","volume":"45","author":"Bakken","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.04.014","article-title":"Initial experience and outcome of a new hemodialysis access device for catheter-dependent patients","volume":"50","author":"Katzman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2009.00636.x","article-title":"Patency rates for angioplasty in the treatment of pacemaker-induced central venous stenosis in hemodialysis patients: results of a multicenter study","volume":"22","author":"Asif","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.5301\/JVA.2010.1064","article-title":"Central vein stenosis or occlusion associated with cardiac rhythm management device leads in hemodialysis patients with ipsilateral arteriovenous access: a retrospective study of treatment using stents or stent-grafts","volume":"11","author":"Saad","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192665","article-title":"Update on cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections and their management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"121","author":"Baddour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.05.020","article-title":"Transvenous lead extraction: Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus on facilities, training, indications, and patient management: this document was endorsed by American Heart Association","volume":"6","author":"Wilkoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2010.00757.x","article-title":"Epicardial cardiac rhythm devices for dialysis patients: minimizing the risk of infection and preserving central veins","volume":"25","author":"Asif","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.5301\/jva.5000020","article-title":"Vascular access flow reduction for arteriovenous fistula salvage in symptomatic patients with central venous occlusion","volume":"13","author":"Jennings","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib113","first-page":"25","article-title":"Surgical management of subclavian and axillary vein thrombosis in patients with a functioning arteriovenous fistula","volume":"100","author":"Currier","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2010.11.002","article-title":"Surgical management of hemodialysis-related central venous occlusive disease: a treatment algorithm","volume":"25","author":"Anaya-Ayala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00117.x","article-title":"Vascular access use in Europe and the United States: results from the DOPPS","volume":"16","author":"Pisoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000552","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of early versus late initiation of dialysis","volume":"363","author":"Cooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1830","article-title":"Use of the brachiocephalic vein for placement of tunneled hemodialysis catheters","volume":"187","author":"Falk","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-001-0034-6","article-title":"Prevention of recurrent central venous stenosis using endovascular irradiation following stent placement in hemodialysis patients","volume":"4","author":"Kwok","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638612014977?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638612014977?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T02:05:10Z","timestamp":1759457110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272638612014977"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272638612014977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-6386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-6386","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Central Vein Stenosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.10.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}