{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T12:31:03Z","timestamp":1782995463845,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajkd.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,8]],"date-time":"2013-09-08T06:23:27Z","timestamp":1378621407000},"page":"141-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypercalcemia in a Patient With Malignancy"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Reagan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonello","family":"Pani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell H.","family":"Rosner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp042806","article-title":"Clinical practice. hypercalcemia associated with cancer","volume":"352","author":"Stewart","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02470312","article-title":"Onco-nephrology: the pathophysiology and treatment of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia","volume":"7","author":"Rosner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930215)71:4<1309::AID-CNCR2820710423>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Incidence of hypercalcemia in patients with malignancy referred to a comprehensive cancer center","volume":"71","author":"Vassilopoulou-Sellin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib4","series-title":"Williams Textbook of Endocrinology","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Hormones and disorders of mineral metabolism","author":"Bringhurst","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001203420306","article-title":"The physiology of parathyroid hormone-related protein","volume":"342","author":"Strewler","year":"2000","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050602","article-title":"Continuous PTH and PTHrP infusion causes suppression of bone formation and discordant effects on 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D","volume":"20","author":"Horwitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0274","article-title":"Altered selectivity of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) for distinct conformations of the PTH\/PTHrP receptor","volume":"22","author":"Dean","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2142","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein: an update","volume":"97","author":"Wysolmerski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"831","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.71.831.28","article-title":"Survival in hypercalcemic patients with cancer and co-exisiting primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"71","author":"Hutchesson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198012113032401","article-title":"Biochemical evaluation of patients with cancer-associated hypercalcemia: Evidence for humoral and nonhumoral groups","volume":"303","author":"Stewart","year":"1980","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib11","first-page":"1525","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein-(1-36) stimulates renal tubular calcium reabsorption in normal human volunteers: implications for the pathogenesis of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy","volume":"86","author":"Syed","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020773","article-title":"Direct comparison of sustained infusion of\u00a0human parathyroid hormone-related protein-(1-36) [hPTHrP-(1-36)]\u00a0versus hPTH-(1-34) on serum calcium, plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and fractional calcium excretion in healthy human volunteers","volume":"88","author":"Horwitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.7.1.5163","article-title":"Biology of breast cancer bone metastasis","volume":"7","author":"Akhtari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-2993","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 promotion of Gli2-induced expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein, an important osteolytic factor in bone metastasis, is independent of canonical Hedgehog signaling","volume":"71","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.12.7849","article-title":"Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor expression and its potential role in regulating parathyroid hormone-related peptide secretion in human breast cancer cell lines","volume":"141","author":"Sanders","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"suppl 8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19971015)80:8+<1557::AID-CNCR5>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Mechanisms of bone lesions in multiple myeloma and lymphoma","volume":"80","author":"Roodman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22403","article-title":"Pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease","volume":"109","author":"Roodman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2095","article-title":"Hypercalcemia of malignancy due to ectopic transactivation of the parathyroid hormone gene","volume":"91","author":"VanHouten","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012030323","article-title":"Deficiency of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney causes parathyroid hormone-independent hypocalciuria","volume":"23","author":"Toka","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-4-200808190-00007","article-title":"Narrative review: furosemide for hypercalcemia: an unproven yet common practice","volume":"149","author":"LeGrand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197010152831603","article-title":"Acute treatment of hypercalcemia with furosemide","volume":"283","author":"Suki","year":"1970","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.19.1.0325","article-title":"Bisphosphonates: mechanisms of action","volume":"19","author":"Fleisch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900606","article-title":"Etidronate (EHDP) inhibits osteoclastic-bone resorption, promotes apoptosis and disrupts actin rings in isolate-mature osteoclasts","volume":"64","author":"Hiroi-Furuya","year":"1999","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41388-4","article-title":"Bisphosphonates used for the treatment of bone disorders inhibit squalene synthase and cholesterol biosynthesis","volume":"33","author":"Amin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Lipid Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.2.558","article-title":"Zoledronic acid is superior to pamidronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: a pooled analysis of two randomized, controlled clinical trials","volume":"19","author":"Major","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90282-T","article-title":"Single-dose intravenous therapy with pamidronate for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: Comparison of 30-, 60-, and 90-mg dosages","volume":"95","author":"Nussbaum","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"800","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.68.800.434","article-title":"Infusion rate and pharmacokinetics of intravenous pamidronate in the treatment of tumour-induced hypercalcaemia","volume":"68","author":"Dodwell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2002.03826.x","article-title":"Nephrotic proteinuria associated with high-dose pamidronate in multiple myeloma","volume":"119","author":"Desikan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.32797","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome after treatment with pamidronate","volume":"39","author":"Markowitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm209","article-title":"Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with long-term treatment with zoledronate in a myeloma patient","volume":"22","author":"Bodmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1261164","article-title":"Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis following treatment with high-dose pamidronate","volume":"12","author":"Markowitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00071.x","article-title":"Toxic acute tubular necrosis following treatment with zoledronate (Zometa)","volume":"64","author":"Markowitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197410)34:4<1268::AID-CNCR2820340437>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"The effects of calcitonin in hypercalcemia in patients with malignancy","volume":"34","author":"Vaughn","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-93-2-269","article-title":"Effect of calcitonin and glutocorticoids in combination on the hypercalcemia of malignancy","volume":"93","author":"Binstock","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(90)90106-P","article-title":"Gallium inhibits bone resorption by a direct effect on osteoclasts","volume":"8","author":"Hall","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone Miner"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111353","article-title":"Gallium nitrate inhibits calcium resorption from bone and is effective treatment for cancer-related hypercalcemia","volume":"73","author":"Warrell","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1987.5.2.292","article-title":"Gallium nitrate inhibits accelerated bone turnover in patients with bone metastases","volume":"5","author":"Warrell","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-5-669","article-title":"Gallium nitrate for acute treatment of cancer-related hypercalcemia. A randomized, double-blind comparison to calcitonin","volume":"108","author":"Warrell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00130404-200601000-00009","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, phase II trial of gallium nitrate compared with pamidronate for acute control of cancer-related hypercalcemia","volume":"12","author":"Cvitkovic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.31.3304","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind study of denosumab versus zoledronic acid in the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced cancer (excluding breast and prostate cancer) or multiple myeloma","volume":"29","author":"Henry","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9768","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62344-6","article-title":"Denosumab versus zoledronic acid for treatment of bone metastases in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a randomised, double-blind study","volume":"377","author":"Fizazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e299","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.41.7923","article-title":"Denosumab for the treatment of bisphosphonate-refractory hypercalcemia","volume":"30","author":"Boikos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00004","article-title":"Using standardized serum creatinine values in the Modification Of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate","volume":"145","author":"Levey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e32834c3c7c","article-title":"Familial hypocakciuric hypercalcemia: a review","volume":"18","author":"Chistensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03259.x","article-title":"Discriminative power of three indices of renal calcium excretion for the distinction between familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and primary hyperparathyroidism: a follow-up study on methods","volume":"69","author":"Christensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638613010846?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638613010846?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T02:15:19Z","timestamp":1759457719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272638613010846"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272638613010846"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-6386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-6386","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypercalcemia in a Patient With Malignancy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}