{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:17:02Z","timestamp":1790655422232,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajkd.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T13:06:18Z","timestamp":1475327178000},"page":"117-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Sleep Disorders, Restless Legs Syndrome, and Uremic Pruritus: Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Symptoms in Dialysis\u00a0Patients"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Scherer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara A.","family":"Combs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00430109","article-title":"Symptom burden, depression, and quality of life in chronic and end-stage kidney disease","volume":"4","author":"Abdel-Kader","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2006.10.001","article-title":"The prevalence of symptoms in end-stage renal disease: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Murtagh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2009.08.008","article-title":"Impact of pain and symptom burden on the health-related quality of life of hemodialysis patients","volume":"39","author":"Davison","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2015.07.010","article-title":"Understanding what influences the health-related quality of life of hemodialysis patients: a collaborative study in England and Ireland","volume":"50","author":"Lowney","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2009.07.003","article-title":"Undertreatment of symptoms in patients on maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"39","author":"Claxton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00990207","article-title":"Renal provider recognition of symptoms in patients on maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"2","author":"Weisbord","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.110","article-title":"Executive summary of the KDIGO Controversies Conference on Supportive Care in Chronic Kidney Disease: developing a roadmap to improving quality care","volume":"88","author":"Davison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm630","article-title":"Sleep quality predicts quality of life and mortality risk in haemodialysis patients: results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)","volume":"23","author":"Elder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2015.06.007","article-title":"Insomnia in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"35","author":"Lindner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-0970","article-title":"International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition: highlights and modifications","volume":"146","author":"Sateia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1617","article-title":"The pathophysiology of insomnia","volume":"147","author":"Levenson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2009.88","article-title":"Circadian sleep-wake rhythm disturbances in end-stage renal disease","volume":"5","author":"Koch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg423","article-title":"Quality of sleep in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"19","author":"Iliescu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1159\/000326343","article-title":"Impact of sleep quality on cardiovascular outcomes in hemodialysis patients: results from the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Study","volume":"33","author":"Unruh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP70411","article-title":"Subjective sleep efficiency of hemodialysis patients","volume":"70","author":"Koch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)70125-7","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of reported sleep disorders in patients on chronic hemodialysis and continuous peritoneal dialysis","volume":"19","author":"Holley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200011000-00006","article-title":"Hemodialysis disrupts basic sleep regulatory mechanisms: building hypotheses","volume":"49","author":"Parker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-014-9828-4","article-title":"Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on insomnia of maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"69","author":"Hou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1412740","article-title":"Clinical practice. Insomnia disorder","volume":"373","author":"Winkelman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.10.004","article-title":"Efficacy of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"30","author":"Zachariae","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c99","DOI":"10.1159\/000072493","article-title":"Zaleplon improves sleep quality in maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"94","author":"Sabbatini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12093","article-title":"Long-term effects of melatonin on quality of life and sleep in haemodialysis patients (Melody study): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"76","author":"Russcher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10451110","article-title":"Impact of short daily hemodialysis on restless legs symptoms and sleep disturbances","volume":"6","author":"Jaber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw062","article-title":"The effect of frequent hemodialysis on self-reported sleep quality: Frequent Hemodialysis Network Trials","volume":"31","author":"Unruh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2003.50066","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness in patients with CRF: impact of nocturnal hemodialysis","volume":"41","author":"Hanly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v5.i2.166","article-title":"Cooling dialysate during in-center hemodialysis: beneficial and deleterious effects","volume":"5","author":"Toth-Manikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2015.06.006","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"35","author":"Novak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2015.03.003","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Venkateshiah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(96)90494-1","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease","volume":"28","author":"Winkelman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.01.013","article-title":"Restless legs symptoms among incident dialysis patients: association with lower quality of life and shorter survival","volume":"43","author":"Unruh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib31","first-page":"73","article-title":"Relationship between restless leg syndrome and quality of life in uremic patients","volume":"27","author":"Tekdos Demircioglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agri"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq681","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome enhances cardiovascular risk and mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing long-term haemodialysis treatment","volume":"26","author":"La Manna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12175","article-title":"Association of anxiety, sleepiness, and sexual dysfunction with restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients","volume":"18","author":"Dikici","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hct014","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome is underdiagnosed in the US Renal Data System","volume":"106","author":"Kutner","year":"2013","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2010.087858","article-title":"MEIS1 and BTBD9: genetic association with restless leg syndrome in end stage renal disease","volume":"48","author":"Schormair","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.10.007","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome in patients after renal transplantation","volume":"45","author":"Molnar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93248-8","article-title":"Possible relation between restless legs and anaemia in renal dialysis patients","volume":"337","author":"Roger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib38","series-title":"Clinical Management of Restless Legs Syndrome","author":"Hening","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22955","article-title":"The pharmacological treatment for uremic restless legs syndrome: evidence-based review","volume":"25","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib40","first-page":"214","article-title":"l-DOPA\/carbidopa for nocturnal movement disorders in uremia","volume":"19","author":"Walker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/18.8.681","article-title":"l-Dopa therapy of uremic and idiopathic restless legs syndrome: a double-blind, crossover trial","volume":"18","author":"Trenkwalder","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200666050-00003","article-title":"Management of restless legs syndrome in patients on dialysis","volume":"66","author":"Molnar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2015.1058140","article-title":"Augmentation of restless leg syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease) during long-term dopaminergic treatment","volume":"127","author":"Garcia-Borreguero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnf.0000135480.78529.06","article-title":"Ropinirole as a treatment of restless legs syndrome in patients on chronic hemodialysis: an open randomized crossover trial versus levodopa sustained release","volume":"27","author":"Pellecchia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-194","article-title":"Effect of exercise training and dopamine agonists in patients with uremic restless legs syndrome: a six-month randomized, partially double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative study","volume":"14","author":"Giannaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000113752.14744.15","article-title":"Pramipexole for the treatment of uremic restless legs in patients undergoing hemodialysis","volume":"62","author":"Miranda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.12.027","article-title":"Rotigotine in hemodialysis-associated restless legs syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Dauvilliers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.25202","article-title":"A\u00a0crossover study of gabapentin in treatment of restless legs syndrome among hemodialysis patients","volume":"38","author":"Thorp","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1081\/JDI-120039823","article-title":"Gabapentin versus levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients: an open-label study","volume":"26","author":"Micozkadioglu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.152417","article-title":"Gabapentin versus levodopa-c for the treatment of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Razazian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.11.021","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous iron dextran therapy in patients with ESRD and restless legs syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Sloand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2834","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft288","article-title":"A\u00a0single-blind randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of 6 months of progressive aerobic exercise training in patients with uraemic restless legs syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Giannaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e3181f1cc04","article-title":"Non-pharmacological management of periodic limb movements during hemodialysis session in patients with uremic restless legs syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Giannaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628142","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/628142","article-title":"Aerobic exercise improves signs of restless leg syndrome in end stage renal disease patients suffering chronic hemodialysis","volume":"2013","author":"Mortazavi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e3181641b07","article-title":"Intradialytic aerobic exercise training ameliorates symptoms of restless legs syndrome and improves functional capacity in patients on hemodialysis: a pilot study","volume":"54","author":"Sakkas","year":"2008","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000271","article-title":"Combination of exercise training and dopamine agonists in patients with RLS on dialysis: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"61","author":"Giannaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl461","article-title":"Pruritus in haemodialysis\u00a0patients: international results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)","volume":"21","author":"Pisoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12158","article-title":"Pruritus in hemodialysis patients: results from the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (JDOPPS)","volume":"18","author":"Kimata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib59","first-page":"31","article-title":"Evaluating the association between alterations in mineral metabolism and pruritus in hemodialysis patients","volume":"86","author":"Welter Ede","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anais Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1988.tb16738.x","article-title":"Pruritus in patients on maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"224","author":"Stahle-Backdahl","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib61","first-page":"62","article-title":"Inflammation and pruritus in hemodialysis patients","volume":"19","author":"Razeghi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9964-x","article-title":"Assessment of the psychological burden associated with pruritus in hemodialysis patients using the kidney disease quality of life short form","volume":"21","author":"Lopes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn303","article-title":"Association of uraemic pruritus with inflammation and hepatitis infection in haemodialysis patients","volume":"23","author":"Chiu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000251","article-title":"Etiology and prognostic significance of severe uremic pruritus in chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"69","author":"Narita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71404","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071404","article-title":"Uremic pruritus, dialysis adequacy, and metabolic profiles in hemodialysis patients: a prospective 5-year cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Ko","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP66184","article-title":"Uremic pruritus is associated with higher Kt\/V and serum calcium concentration","volume":"66","author":"Duque","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/17.12.2164","article-title":"Inflammation and pruritus in haemodialysis patients","volume":"17","author":"Virga","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09088.x","article-title":"Depressive symptoms predict the future risk of severe pruritus in haemodialysis patients: Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study","volume":"161","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib69","first-page":"241","article-title":"The impact of pruritus on the quality of life of patients undergoing dialysis: a single centre cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Tessari","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00100110","article-title":"A\u00a0longitudinal study of uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients","volume":"5","author":"Mathur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.454","article-title":"Uremic pruritus","volume":"87","author":"Mettang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2015.06.009","article-title":"Pruritus in kidney disease","volume":"35","author":"Combs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027092","article-title":"Pruritus and skin hydration during dialysis","volume":"11","author":"Morton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/jjns.12019","article-title":"Effect of baby oil on pruritus, sleep quality, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients: pretest-post-test model with control groups","volume":"11","author":"Karadag","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jpn J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03906.x","article-title":"Baby oil therapy for uremic pruritus in haemodialysis patients","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70013-6","article-title":"Topical capsaicin for treatment of hemodialysis-related pruritus","volume":"26","author":"Breneman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib77","first-page":"137","article-title":"Topical capsaicin therapy for uremic pruritus in patients on hemodialysis","volume":"4","author":"Makhlough","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1159\/000188949","article-title":"Hemodialysis-related pruritus: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of capsaicin 0.025% cream","volume":"72","author":"Tarng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh496","article-title":"Gabapentin therapy for pruritus in haemodialysis patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial","volume":"19","author":"Gunal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib80","first-page":"378","article-title":"Gabapentin: a promising drug for the treatment of uremic pruritus","volume":"18","author":"Naini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/08860220802595476","article-title":"Gabapentin and uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients","volume":"31","author":"Razeghi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40697-016-0107-8","article-title":"Gabapentin for uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients: a qualitative systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Lau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Kidney Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib83","first-page":"180","article-title":"The use of pregabalin in the treatment of uraemic pruritus in haemodialysis patients","volume":"36","author":"Aperis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Renal Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2012.01655.x","article-title":"Pregabalin versus gabapentin in the treatment of neuropathic pruritus in maintenance haemodialysis patients: a prospective, crossover study","volume":"17","author":"Solak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00827.2013","article-title":"Voxel-based morphometry and arterial spin labeling fMRI reveal neuropathic and neuroplastic features of brain processing of itch in end-stage renal disease","volume":"112","author":"Papoiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)04176-1","article-title":"Randomised crossover trial of naltrexone in uraemic pruritus","volume":"348","author":"Peer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V113514","article-title":"Naltrexone does not relieve uremic pruritus: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study","volume":"11","author":"Pauli-Magnus","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1159\/000341268","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a novel k-agonist for managing intractable pruritus in dialysis patients","volume":"36","author":"Kumagai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1159\/000045271","article-title":"Effects of oral supplementation with evening primrose oil for six\u00a0weeks on plasma essential fatty acids and uremic skin\u00a0symptoms\u00a0in hemodialysis patients","volume":"81","author":"Yoshimoto-Furuie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363901","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/363901","article-title":"Effect of sertraline on uremic pruritus improvement in ESRD patients","volume":"2012","author":"Shakiba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib91","first-page":"34","article-title":"Low-dose doxepin for treatment of pruritus in patients on hemodialysis","volume":"1","author":"Pour-Reza-Gholi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Iran J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1979.tb05011.x","article-title":"Ultraviolet phototherapy of uremic pruritus","volume":"18","author":"Gilchrest","year":"1979","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197707212970304","article-title":"Relief of uremic pruritus with ultraviolet phototherapy","volume":"297","author":"Gilchrest","year":"1977","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-91-1-17","article-title":"Ultraviolet phototherapy of uremic pruritus. Long-term results and possible mechanism of action","volume":"91","author":"Gilchrest","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80975-9","article-title":"Identifying effective treatments for uremic pruritus","volume":"25","author":"Tan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10448.x","article-title":"Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for patients with refractory uraemic pruritus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"165","author":"Ko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2009.11.325","article-title":"Acupuncture for treating uremic pruritus in patients with end-stage renal disease: a\u00a0systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000184","article-title":"Cross-sectional validity of a modified Edmonton symptom assessment system in dialysis patients: a simple assessment of symptom burden","volume":"69","author":"Davison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl380","article-title":"Longitudinal validation of a modified Edmonton symptom assessment system (ESAS) in haemodialysis patients","volume":"21","author":"Davison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c74","DOI":"10.1159\/000183177","article-title":"Understanding symptoms in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease managed without dialysis: use of a short patient-completed assessment tool","volume":"111","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2003.07.004","article-title":"Development of a symptom assessment instrument for chronic hemodialysis patients: the Dialysis Symptom Index","volume":"27","author":"Weisbord","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638616304188?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638616304188?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T02:56:01Z","timestamp":1759460161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272638616304188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272638616304188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-6386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-6386","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sleep Disorders, Restless Legs Syndrome, and Uremic Pruritus: Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Symptoms in Dialysis\u00a0Patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}